Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

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Energy efficiency of computation is quickly becoming a key problem from the chip through the data center. This paper presents the first quantitative study of the potential energy efficiency of vector accelerators. We propose and study a vector accelerator architecture suitable for implementation in a 70nm technology. The vector architecture has a highbandwidth on-chip cache system coupled to 16 independent memory channels. We show that such an accelerator can achieve speedups of 10X or more on loop kernels in comparison to a quad-issue superscalar uniprocessor, while using less energy. We also introduce run-ahead lanes, a complexity and energy efficient means of tolerating variable latency from crossbar contention, cache bank conflicts, cache misses, and the memory system. Run-ahead lanes only synchronize on dependencies or when explicitly directed.

ErratumIn the article "Phallacidin stains the kinetochore region in the mitotic spindle of the green algae Oedogonium spp." by Sampson and Pickett-Heaps (Protoplasma 217: 166-176, 2001) the collective legends for Figs. 1-6 and 8-13 on pages 169 and 171 were incorrect and should read:

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Statement of Problematic 1 Dissertation Objectives 9 Approach Followed 10 CHAPTER 2. FARMER COOPERATIVES 13 Introduction 13 Meaning and Importance of Farmer Cooperatives 13 Development and Growth of Farmer Cooperatives 15 CHAPTER 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 23 Orgemizational Effectiveness 60 Two Models and Approaches to the Assessment of Orgaoiizational Effectiveness 68 Selected Empirical Studies of Orgaaiizational Effectiveness 73 Orientation, Means, and Ends 85 Social Processes and Effectiveness 90 Derivation of Hypotheses 94 CHAPTER 4. METHODS 119

This paper presents the progress of the SMILE (Supporting Vocational Education and Training through Mobile Learning Environments) Project which is funded partly by the Leonardo da Vinci (LdV)Programme. The SMILE project (www.ask.iti.gr/smile) addresses the needs of the emerging mobile training services to support the new working paradigm, the mobile knowledge worker, at European and national level, by investigating some common questions about mobile training.