“…Whether one uses a goal model of effectiveness (Campbell, 1977;Steers, 1975) or a systems model (Cunningham, 1978;Etzioni, 1968), the structure of relations within the organization still affects outcomes. Effectiveness, as used here, follows the systems orientation and is derived from the work of Mulford et al (1973) and Sampson (1973) and incorporates Parsons's (1959;1960) "pattern variables": adaptation, goal attainment, pattern maintenance, and integration. Effectiveness, as used here, follows the systems orientation and is derived from the work of Mulford et al (1973) and Sampson (1973) and incorporates Parsons's (1959;1960) "pattern variables": adaptation, goal attainment, pattern maintenance, and integration.…”