Background: The drug promotional literature is one of many sources for seeking information about the drugs to the busy medical practitioner. The aim of current study was to assess drug promotional literatures as per world health organization, criteria and categorize them and to analyse the claims in presented in DPL.Methods: Current study is a descriptive study in which pharmaceutical promotional materials were collected from selected out-patient departments of a tertiary care hospital, Kurnool. Printed drug promotional literatures for modern drugs were collected and an assessment was made whether the advertisements adhered to WHO criteria for medicinal drug promotion.Results: A total of 271 drug promotional literatures were collected. Information about the single drug was given in 127 (46.9%). 144 (53.1%) DPLs contain fixed-dose combination. Majority of drug promoted in collected DPLs were miscellaneous group 83 (30.8%) followed by antimicrobials 55 (20.3%) and blood and cardiovascular drugs 37 (13.1), gastrointestinal drugs 23 (8.5%), drugs acting on endocrine system 23 (84.5%). Generic name was mentioned in 229 (84.5%) while brand name was mentioned in 271 (100%) of DPL.Conclusions: The study concluded that the drug information provided in the promotional brochures can be incomplete and unreliable. Hence a physician should not rely solely on the DPL provided by medical representatives. All brochures circulated among prescribers must undergo a strict process of assessment regarding information provided, especially related to efficacy and safety.
Hepatoprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata on antitubercular drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: The experiment used five groups of male wistar rats, each with six individuals. The two control groups were given gum acacia and a mixture of isoniazid and rifampin. The two test groups received 200 and 400 mg/kg of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pongamia Pinnata, respectively. The fifth group was given silymarin (50mg/kg, orally). The concentrations of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) & thiols were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical examination, monitored through Tukey's test. Results: When rats were given a mixture of antitubercular drugs and a high dosage (400 mg/kg) of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata, blood enzyme levels were lower than when they were given antitubercular drugs alone. The co-administration of a high dose of Pongamia Pinnata extract with antitubercular drugs reduced MDA levels and elevated thiol levels considerably (p˂ 0.05). These biochemical marker levels, however, were not adjusted. Conclusion: In rats, Pongamia Pinnata encompasses a partial protective effect against the hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drugs at high doses.
Objectives: -The goal of this study was to see if an aqueous extract of Pongamia Pinnata Linn. (APP) leaves could protect against the hepatotoxicity caused by anti-TB medications (ATM). Methods: -In order to cause hepatotoxicity in rats, anti-tubercular medications were utilised. Silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o.) be present utilised by means of the control medication. For 21 days, an aqueous extract of Pongamia Pinnata Linn. leaves (200 & 400 mg/kg p.o.) was given with anti-TB medicines given one hour before to the aqueous extract. Results: -Biomarker enzymes found in the liver are SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Total Bilirubin & total cholesterol remained raised on anti-TB medicines management. The management of aqueous extract of Pongamia Pinnata Linn.leaves200 mg/kg & 400 mg/kg with anti - TB medicines were considerably decreased biomarker enzymes found in the liver. Antioxidant factors like Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione(GSH), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)& Glutathione Reductase(GRx) were inhibited and improved ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs)points in anti-TB medicines administration then returned these antioxidant points in the management of aqueous extract of Pongamia Pinnata Linn. Leavesatadosageof 200mg/kg& 400mg/kg. Conclusion: - According to the findings of this research, Pongamia Pinnata Linn. leaves have a protective consequence against hepatotoxicity caused through anti-TB medicines.
The goal of this investigation was to examine if an ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has any hepatoprotective benefits in rats suffering from isoniazid-rifampin induced hepatotoxicity. Methodology: The rats were separated in five groups (n=6): group 1, a control; group 2 administered isoniazid (100 mg/kg, I.P.) & rifampin (100 mg/kg, I.P.) in sterile water; group 3 as a control & traditional silymarin, 2.5 mg/kg, B.W., P.O.; groups 4 & 5 are treated & received 200 & 400 mg/kg, B.W., P.O., ethanolic extract of AS. All of the treatment procedures were monitored for a total of 21 days after the rats were slaughtered & Biochemical & histological investigations were performed on the blood & liver respectively. Results: Rats (Group - 2) treated with Rifampin (RIF) & Isoniazid (INH) elevated their blood Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase (SGOT), Serum Glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) & Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels during a variety of ways. The consumption of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa considerably reduced Rifampin & Isoniazid induced elevations in serum diagnostic liver marker enzymes. SGOT, SGPT & ALP are the three involved enzymes. Furthermore, the medical care groups had significantly larger total macromolecule & total albumen levels. The extract result was compared thereto of Silymarin, a standard medication. The histological profile backed up the changes in biochemical markers. An ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa has been discovered to protect rats from oxidative liver injury caused by rifampin & isoniazid. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of AS protects rats from isoniazid & rifampin induced oxidative liver injury.
Objectives: - The goal of this study is to compare the effects of Pongamia Pinnata and Annona Squamosa on anti-tubercular medicines-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Procedures: - In rats, hepatotoxicity was caused by administering a suspension of isoniazid and rifampin orally for 21 days. Pongamia Pinnata and Annona Squamosa, as well as anti-tubercular medicines, were given to the treatment groups. Biochemical & histological criteria were used to measure liver destruction. Results: - The use of Pongamia Pinnata and Annona Squamosa in combination with anti-tubercular medicines dramatically reduced Serum Glutamate Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)& tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Inflammation, degeneration, and necrotic alterations in hepatocytes were reduced. Pongamia Pinnata also reduced a drop in blood Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) when compared to a control group getting only anti-tubercular medicines. Pongamia Pinnata, on the other hand, had no statistically significant effects when compared to Annona Squamosa and silymarin. Conclusion: - Annona Squamosa was found to be an effective hepatoprotective agent in rats, as it considerably reduced the hepatotoxic damage caused by anti-tubercular medicines. However, when the effects of Pongamia Pinnata & Annona Squamosa or silymarin were compared, there was no statistically significant difference.
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