1 RESUMOAliado ao uso indiscriminado de maquinários agrícolas, o manejo inadequado altera a densidade natural do solo causando redução em sua qualidade física e, por conseguinte, implicando em efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento de culturas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de compactação do solo nas características morfológicas e produtivas de feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoCampus Universitário de Rondonópolis. Utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho coletado na profundidade de 0-20 cm. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de compactação (densidades do solo: 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m -3 ) e seis repetições em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 33 e 63 dias após a emergência das plantas, determinando-se número de ramos, número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, produção de massa seca de folhas, colmos, parte aérea e raiz. As características morfológicas e produtivas do feijão guandu anão apresentam restrições quanto aos níveis de compactação do solo, mostrando-se pouco eficiente na descompactação em Latossolo Vermelho. Palavras-chave: Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp., densidade do solo, descompactaçãoMorphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea cultivated in compacted soil ABSTRACT Inadequate management along with the indiscriminate use of agricultural machinery alter the soil natural density, causing reduction in the physical quality and, as a result, implies negative effects onto the development of plantations. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate the influence of soil compaction in the morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse at Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT) -Rondonópolis University Campus. Dark Oxisol collected in 0-20 cm depth was used. The treatments followed five levels of soil compaction (soil density 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m -3 ) and six repetitions under completely randomized experimental design. The evaluations were carried out between 33 to 63 days after the emergence of the plants, when the amount of branches, amount of leaves, plant height, diameter of the stem, dry mass of leaves, culms, plant canopy and root were determined. The morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea showed restrictions regarding the soil compaction levels where it was little effective in the Oxisol descompaction.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de bactérias diazotróficas com ou sem molibdênio em duas cultivares de arroz com diferentes potenciais de fixação biológica de nitrogênio. Dois experimentos foram montados: o primeiro foi conduzido em condições gnotobióticas, com utilização das estirpes BR 11417 (ZAE94 -Herbaspirillum seropedicae) e BR 11340 (M130 -Burkholderia sp.), duas doses de molibdênio, 1,12 e 2,25 g, e duas fontes, molibdato de sódio e molibdato de amônio. As sementes foram peletizadas com inoculante turfoso com bactérias diazotróficas e o molibdênio. Em seguida as cultivares foram plantadas em tubos de ensaio com capacidade para 120 mL com 60 mL da solução de Hoagland sem nitrogênio por 30 dias. Foi avaliada a matéria seca das plantas. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em vasos em casa de vegetação, com as mesmas estirpes e dosagens de molibdênio. Foram avaliados a produção e o N total dos grãos. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por vaso. Foram observados aumentos na produção de grãos nas cultivares IR42 e IAC4440 de 88 e 57%, respectivamente, com a adição ao inoculante turfoso, das estirpes ZAE94 e M130 com molibdênio.Termos para indexação: Oriza sativa, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Burkholderia, molibdato de sódio, molibdato de amônio. Addition of molybdenum in peat innoculum with diazotrophic bacteria used in two rice cultivarsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the molybdenum in two rice cultivars. Two experiments were performed: the first one was lead under gnotobiotics conditions, using Herbaspirillum seropedicae, strain BR 11417 and Burkholderia sp., strain BR 11340, two doses of molybdenum (1.12 and 2.25 g) and two different sources of Mo -sodium molybdate and ammonium molybdate. The seeds were pelleted with peat containing diazotrophic bacteria and molybdenum. After inoculations were seeds planted in to test tubes with capacity for 120 mL content 60 mL Hoagland solution without nitrogen. Seedlings were harvested after 30 days and plant dry weight was evaluated. The second experiment was held in greenhouse with the same strains, sources and amount of molybdenum. The production and the total N of the rice grains were evaluated. Statistical design was completely randomized with four replication and four plants per pot were planted. Grain production increased with the inoculation in the cultivars IR42 and IAC4440 up to 88 and 57%, respectively.

Due to the search for viable and cost-effective ways to provide nitrogen for forage grasses, inoculation with diazotrophs presents high potential as an alternative to plant nutrition by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrition of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) subjected to inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria grown in Cerrado soil (Brazilian Savanna). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design using five treatments (three strains of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria [MTH2, MTB1 and Y2], an inoculant formed by combination of strains AbV5 and AbV6 (Azospirillum brasilense) and a control (100 mg dm -3 of N-urea]) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The inoculation was performed by inserting a 5 mL aliquot of bacterial broth containing 10 9 cells mL -1 in the soil near the root system of each plant. Three cuts were made at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. The variables: Falker chlorophyll index, nitrogen concentration in shoots and roots and crude protein in shoots of marandu grass were evaluated. The highest values for Falker chlorophyll index, nitrogen concentration, and crude protein were observed in the three cuts in plants that received N fertilization. The MTH2 strain positively influenced the nitrogen concentration in shoots and roots, and crude protein in shoots in the first and second cuts of marandu grass, whereas in the third cut, these parameters were influenced by nitrogen fertilization. In conclusion, the inoculation with associative diazotrophic bacteria may contribute positively to the nitrogen nutrition of marandu grass.

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RESUMO -Dentre os veículos de inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas, o turfoso é considerado o mais utilizado no Brasil. A turfa possibilita a viabilidade de um grande número de células, protegendo-as também das adversidades do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do inoculante turfoso desenvolvido com bactérias diazotróficas associativas e molibdênio. As bactérias BR11417 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae) e BR11340 (Burkholderia sp.), foram multiplicadas por um período de 24 horas e uma alíquota de 10 mL com 10 8 cel. mL -1 foi transferida para sacos de polipropileno contendo 35 g de turfa. Foram adicionadas duas doses e duas fontes de molibdênio: 1,12 e 2,25 g de molibdato de sódio e de amônio, respectivamente. Como controle, foi utilizado o inoculante sem molibdênio. A legislação brasileira, por meio da lei n° 86955, especifica que os inoculantes comerciais à base de micro-organismos fixadores de nitrogênio apresentem concentrações mínimas de 10 8 células viáveis por grama do produto no momento do uso e que a viabilidade das células seja mantida por um período mínimo de seis meses. Este estudo mostrou que sem a adição do molibdênio ao inoculante, as bactérias sobreviveram com um número de células viáveis em torno de 10 8 células g -1 de inoculante, por um período de até 110 dias. Com a adição do molibdênio, o inoculante manteve-se viável por um período de 180 dias. A aplicação do molibdênio contribui para o aumento da viabilidade do inoculante turfoso produzido com as estirpes BR11417 e BR11340. Palavras-chave:Bactérias. Inoculação. Molibdênio.ABSTRACT -Among the vehicles in use for diazotroph inoculation, peat is considered the most-widely used in Brazil. Peat makes possible the viability of a large number of cells, at the same time protecting them from adversities found in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of peat inoculum developed with diazotroph bacteria and molybdenum. The bacteria BR11417 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae) and BR11340 (Burkholderia sp.) were allowed to multiply for a period of 24 hours, and a sample of 10 ml with 10 8 cel. mL -1 was transferred to polypropylene bags containing 35 g of peat. Two dosages and two sources of molybdenum were then added: 1.12 and 2.25 g of sodium molybdate and ammonium molybdate respectively. Inoculum with no molybdenum was used as control. With law No. 86955, Brazilian legislation specifies that commercial inoculants based on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms have minimum concentrations of 10 8 viable cells per gram of product at the time of use, and that viability of the cells be maintained for a period of at least six months. This study showed that without the addition of molybdenum to the inoculum, bacteria survived with a viable-cell total of about 10 8 cells g -1 of inoculum for a period of up to 110 days. With the addition of molybdenum, the inoculum remained viable for a period of 180 days. The application of molybdenum contributes to the increased viability of peat inoculum produced with the bacterial strains...

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Características fitométricas e índice de clorofila de cultivares de amendoim adubado com cinza vegetal Phytometric characteristics and chlorophyl index of peanut cultivars fertilized with vegetable ash

With high protein content, the cowpea is one of the most widely consumed legumes in northeastern Brazil. This study was aimed to evaluate the rhizobia inoculation effect on nitrogen accumulation and nodulation in cowpea subjected to water availability. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with six water availabilities (40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% of maximum soil water retention capacity), with four replications. Soil moisture maintenance was performed by gravimetric method. The BR3267 strain (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) recommended for cowpea grown in Brazil was used. At thirty-five days after treatments implementation, the nitrogen nutritional status was assessed through SPAD reading, shoot nitrogen concentration and total accumulation. Nodulation was assessed by nodules number and dry matter. The increased water availability provided negative effect on SPAD reading and shoots nitrogen concentration. Shoot nitrogen accumulation was favored to up to 78.8% water availability, with subsequent decline. Nodulation was favored when soil water availability was between 85% and 87%. Water availability affects nodulation and cowpea nutritional status, although negative effects are more pronounced when there is soil water excess.