“…In rice and maize, BNF contribution is similarly derived from a number of different species including members of Azospirillum, Azoarcus, Herbaspirillum, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas (Boddey et al, 1995;Hurek et al, 1994;Kirchhof et al, 1998;Monteiro et al, 2012a). In field experiments using wild rice, grain yields increased to the equivalent of using an additional nitrogen fertilizer application of 40 kg N/ha following inoculation with Herbaspirillum seropedicea (Baldani et al, 2000;Pereira and Baldani, 1995). In another study, up to 30% of the total nitrogen accumulated in rice plants was derived from BNF, again demonstrating the potential gains to be made from bacterial associations (Malik et al, 1997).…”