Características morfológicas e produtivas de feijão guandu anão cultivado em solo compactado

Abstract

1 RESUMOAliado ao uso indiscriminado de maquinários agrícolas, o manejo inadequado altera a densidade natural do solo causando redução em sua qualidade física e, por conseguinte, implicando em efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento de culturas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de compactação do solo nas características morfológicas e produtivas de feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoCampus Universitário de Rondonópolis. Utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho coletado na profundidade de 0-20 cm. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de compactação (densidades do solo: 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m -3 ) e seis repetições em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 33 e 63 dias após a emergência das plantas, determinando-se número de ramos, número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, produção de massa seca de folhas, colmos, parte aérea e raiz. As características morfológicas e produtivas do feijão guandu anão apresentam restrições quanto aos níveis de compactação do solo, mostrando-se pouco eficiente na descompactação em Latossolo Vermelho. Palavras-chave: Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp., densidade do solo, descompactaçãoMorphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea cultivated in compacted soil ABSTRACT Inadequate management along with the indiscriminate use of agricultural machinery alter the soil natural density, causing reduction in the physical quality and, as a result, implies negative effects onto the development of plantations. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate the influence of soil compaction in the morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse at Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT) -Rondonópolis University Campus. Dark Oxisol collected in 0-20 cm depth was used. The treatments followed five levels of soil compaction (soil density 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m -3 ) and six repetitions under completely randomized experimental design. The evaluations were carried out between 33 to 63 days after the emergence of the plants, when the amount of branches, amount of leaves, plant height, diameter of the stem, dry mass of leaves, culms, plant canopy and root were determined. The morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea showed restrictions regarding the soil compaction levels where it was little effective in the Oxisol descompaction.

Bulk Density in Jack Bean’s Development Grown in Cerrado Oxisol

“…Studying bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ultisol Oxisol, [19] stated that plant height is an important indicator to assess the effects of soil compaction in physiological processes of plants. The results observed in this study for the variable plant height of jack beans are in agreement with those found by reference [20], in which there was a significant decrease in plant height of pigeon pea beans (Cajamus cajan) with increasing levels of compression, with a reduction between the lowest and the highest level of bulk density of 51.07% at 33 days after emergence.…”

“…Similar results were obtained by reference [20], who observed a reduction in the number of nodules in pigeonpea with increased bulk density levels.…”

“…The study of stem diameter is important because plants with a greater stem diameter have a greater balance in the growth of shoots [22]. Stem diameter results corroborate those found by reference [20], who observed reductions in pigeon pea stem diameter due to increased levels of soil densities.…”

Effect of compaction of soil on the development and production of cowpea inoculated with rhizobium

“…The inoculation of the BR3267 strain contributed positively to the development and production of cowpea when grown on uncompacted soil, becoming more efficient in a management system that has the concern of da Silva et al 2013 preserving macropores of the soil. Inoculation with the combination of the MT8 + MT15 strains provided satisfactory results in both compacted soil and noncompacted soil favoring the production of cowpea in soil with a higher density.…”

“…In addition to the physical alterations of the soil, which affect the formation of roots and the grain production, increased density can reduce the activity of microorganisms. In a study by Farias et al (2013) with dwarf pigeonpea grown in compacted soil, the formation of nodules showed a reduction of up to 76.82%, and this effect is explained by the change in root mass due to the reduction of the pore spaces, which increases the resistance to the penetration of roots in the soil profile (Hamza and Anderson, 2005).…”