1 RESUMOAliado ao uso indiscriminado de maquinários agrícolas, o manejo inadequado altera a densidade natural do solo causando redução em sua qualidade física e, por conseguinte, implicando em efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento de culturas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de compactação do solo nas características morfológicas e produtivas de feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoCampus Universitário de Rondonópolis. Utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho coletado na profundidade de 0-20 cm. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de compactação (densidades do solo: 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m -3 ) e seis repetições em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 33 e 63 dias após a emergência das plantas, determinando-se número de ramos, número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, produção de massa seca de folhas, colmos, parte aérea e raiz. As características morfológicas e produtivas do feijão guandu anão apresentam restrições quanto aos níveis de compactação do solo, mostrando-se pouco eficiente na descompactação em Latossolo Vermelho. Palavras-chave: Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp., densidade do solo, descompactaçãoMorphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea cultivated in compacted soil ABSTRACT Inadequate management along with the indiscriminate use of agricultural machinery alter the soil natural density, causing reduction in the physical quality and, as a result, implies negative effects onto the development of plantations. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate the influence of soil compaction in the morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) cv. IAPAR 43 Aratã. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse at Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT) -Rondonópolis University Campus. Dark Oxisol collected in 0-20 cm depth was used. The treatments followed five levels of soil compaction (soil density 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m -3 ) and six repetitions under completely randomized experimental design. The evaluations were carried out between 33 to 63 days after the emergence of the plants, when the amount of branches, amount of leaves, plant height, diameter of the stem, dry mass of leaves, culms, plant canopy and root were determined. The morphological and productive characteristics of the dwarf pigeonpea showed restrictions regarding the soil compaction levels where it was little effective in the Oxisol descompaction.
A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD ® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG ® 1030) in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants, correlating the indices from the devices and the direct determination of chlorophyll content with the concentration of nitrogen (N) in the plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots with 5 dm 3 of Oxisol, in a completely randomized design, with six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 mg dm Eficiência de medidores portáteis de clorofila na avaliação do estado nutricional de plantas de trigo R E S U M O Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, verificar a eficiência de dois medidores portáteis de clorofila (Minolta SPAD ® 502 e Falker ClorofiLOG ® 1030) na avaliação do estado nutricional de plantas de trigo correlacionando-se os índices dos aparelhos e a determinação direta do teor de clorofila com a concentração de nitrogênio na planta. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação e conduzido em vasos com 5 dm 3 de solo -Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 mg dm -3 ) e cinco repetições. Aos 47 dias após a emergência foram realizadas as leituras dos índices SPAD e Falker, a quantificação do teor de clorofila e a concentração de nitrogênio nas plantas de trigo, além da análise de variância e do teste de correlação, ambos até 5% de probabilidade. Os clorofilômetros Minolta SPAD ® 502 e Falker ClorofiLOG ® 1030 não apresentam diferença entre si na determinação indireta de clorofila nas plantas de trigo. O índice Falker realizou leituras iguais, estatisticamente, do teor de clorofila. Os índices indiretos de clorofila e o teor de clorofila obtiveram alta correlação com a concentração de nitrogênio na planta.
The endophytic fungal communities of Polygonum acuminatum and Aeschynomene fluminensis were examined with respect to soil mercury (Hg) contamination. Plants were collected in places with and without Hg +2 for isolation and identification of their endophytic root fungi. We evaluated frequency of colonization, number of isolates and richness, indices of diversity and similarity, functional traits (hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, indoleacetic acid, antibiosis and metal tolerance) and growth promotion of Aeschynomene fluminensis inoculated with endophytic fungi on soil with mercury. The frequency of colonization, structure and community function, as well as the abundant distribution of taxa of endophytic fungi were influenced by mercury contamination, with higher endophytic fungi in hosts in soil with mercury. The presence or absence of mercury in the soil changes the profile of the functional characteristics of the endophytic fungal community. On the other hand, tolerance of lineages to multiple metals is not associated with contamination. A. fluminensis depends on its endophytic fungi, since plants free of endophytic fungi grew less than expected due to mercury toxicity. In contrast plants containing certain endophytic fungi showed good growth in soil containing mercury, even exceeding growth of plants cultivated in soil without mercury. The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that soil contamination by mercury alters community structure of root endophytic fungi in terms of composition, abundance and species richness. The inoculation of A. fluminensis with certain strains of stress tolerant endophytic fungi contribute to colonization and establishment of the host and may be used in processes that aim to improve phytoremediation of soils with toxic concentrations of mercury.
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