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Three nominated types of table salt samples are obtained from different sources: “cok” rooks table salt, “sal” red sea marine table salt, “Dr.salt” table salt with low sodium content prepared for hypertensive patients to procedure in this work labeled C, S and D respectively. Characterization of the table salt types using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was carried out. EDX analyses show a difference in sodium and chloride content percentage atomic ratio between the three salt types. Also, potassium is apparent in the salt type D. The positions of each diffraction peak maximum intensity were obtained and compared with the corresponding peak in the database. Also, to discriminate the diffraction peaks of the impurities.Samples were irradiated with gamma source using Co60 at room temperature. Electron spin resonance (ESR) has been studied in the three different commercial table salt samples. The aim of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of the naturally occurring table salts to gamma radiation, using the ESR technique The ESR results represent the signal intensity of the salt types C is higher than S than D. The results also indicate that, the ESR intensity of the table salt and the sensitivity to gamma radiation increases with increasing the percentage of sodium and also some other impurities in each content type.

Maize is the third important cereal crop in Egypt after wheat and rice. Injection of ammonia gas as a nitrogen fertilizer is used widely comparable with other nitrogen fertilizer forms due to the high nitrogen content (82 %) as well as its cheapest price. Two field trials were carried out at Tameia Agricultural Research Station, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt during 2014 and 2015 summer seasons to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization forms (ammonia gas 82 N% and ammonium nitrate 33.5N%), irrigation intervals and soil conditioners on yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) water use efficiency of maize. Results showed that a combination of ammonia gas, irrigation at 10 days interval and application of compost caused the lowest averages of dry soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity, whereas, this interaction also recorded the highest value of grain yield in both seasons, as well as, higher values of concentration and uptake of N, P and K in grain. On the other hand, the treatment of ammonia gas, irrigation at 15 days and application of compost remarkably had the higher water use efficiency (WUE) than the irrigation at 10 days with the application of compost. Although, the yield production reduced by 5 to 6 % , it saves irrigation water 400m 3 ha -1 water. Hence, the treatment of irrigation at 15 days and application of compost is recommended for adoption in wider areas in Egypt to save irrigation water.

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Field experiment was conducted at Tamia Agric., Res., Station, Fayoum, Egypt during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons to study the effect of N-fertilizer forms, i.e. F1: organic form as chicken manure at the rate of 20m 3 fed-1 , F2: bio-fertilizer (biogena)+37.5 kg mineral N as ammonium nitrate 33.0% N and F3: mineral N fertilizer at the rate of 75 kg N fed-1 (as ammonium nitrate 33.0% N) and scheduling irrigation treatments, i.e. I1: irrigation at 0.8 cumulative pan evaporation (C.P.E.), I2: irrigation at 1.0 and I3: irrigation at 1.2 C.P.E. on yield, yield components and some water relations of wheat crop (Giza 168 cv.). A split-plot design with four replicates was used since N-fertilizer forms were represented in the main plots while scheduling irrigation treatments were occupied the split ones. The main obtained results were as follows: 1-Using mineral N form and irrigation at 1.2 C.P.E. gave the highest averages of spike numbers m-2 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield fed-1. (2149.28 and 2271.50 kg fed-1) and straw yield (2619.60 and 2775.85 kg fed-1) in the two successive seasons, but plant height was affected significantly in the second season only. The lowest averages of yield and its components were obtained from using organic fertilizer(chicken manure) form and irrigation at 0.8 C.P.E. in both seasons. 2-Seasonal consumptive use (ETC) averaged 39.23 and 41.83 cm in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, respectively. The highest ETC values, i.e. 44.12 and 46.36 cm were recorded with the interaction (F3I3), whereas the lowest values as 35.65 and 38.72 cm resulted from the interaction (F1I1), in 2008/2009 and 2009 /2010, respectively, 3-Daily ETC rates were low during Nov. and Dec., then increased during Jan. and Feb., to reach its maximum values during March and then declined again at April till harvesting. The values of daily ETC decreased due to organic or bio-fertilizer forms in the two growing season's months. The crop coefficient (KC) values (averages of the two seasons) were 0.