Degradation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid food reserves occurs in the seed germination process to produce energy for germination and further growing. This study aimed to determine dynamics the content of protein, carbohydrates, and lipid in cotyledon of seed clon i.e. Sca 6, RCC 70, RCC 71 and KKM 22 during germination. The experiment used completely randomized design consisted of four replications with 4 treatments. In each cocoa germination phases i.e. before germination, phase II (bend/curved phase), cotyledon emergence, leaves emergence and fall of cotyledon from the sprouts. This observation were water content, ash content, lipid, soluble protein, total protein and carbohydrate content. The results of the experiment showed that during germination, there was an increase of water content in cotyledon from the bend phase to the leaf emergence and decrease in the phase of fall of cotyledon The highest water content was observed in the leaf emergence phase as high as 69.42%. The content of ash content, dissolved protein, total protein and carbohydrates in cotyledon fluctuated during the bend phase until the leaf emergence and increased in the phase of fal of cotyledon. ipid content has decreased from the bend phase until the fall of cotyledons. Carbohydrate levels have increased from the bend phase to the fall of cotyledons. The speed of degradation procces of seed stored material (water, lipid, protein and carbohydrate content) during germination is affected by differences in seed clones. The Scavina 6 and KKM 22 clones entered the bend phase and the realease of cotyledon.
<em>The problem that often arises in the procurement of seeds is in selecting seeds that have high physiological quality. The Porang </em>(Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)<em> planting material is generally in the form of bulbils of varying sizes with a dormancy period of 4-5 months. One of the efforts to break seed dormancy is by soaking. This study aimed to determine the effect of bulbil weight and soaking duration on the viability and growth of porang. The research was carried out at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from September to December 2020. The design used was a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the bulbil weight which consisted of 3 categories: (1) large size (12.66-16.96 g/seed), (2) medium (10.41-11.53 g/seed), and (3) small (5.63-7.11 g/seed). The sub-plots were the soaking duration in water which consisted of 4 levels: 0 hours (without soaking), and soaking for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The variables observed were the viability, petiole length, and fresh weight of plants at 2 months after sowing. The results showed that there’s no interaction effect between bulbil weight and soaking duration for all variables observed. Bulbs with large and medium weights produced higher viability and petiole length compared to small bulbils, while the highest plant fresh weight was produced by large bulbil weights. The correlation results showed that the higher the viability of the seed, the longer the petiole, and the higher the fresh weight of plant.</em>
Budidaya tanaman kopi Robusta sangat tergantung dengan keadaan iklim. Curah hujan merupakan salah satu komponen iklim yang dapat mempengaruhi pembungaan kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi keberhasilan pembentukan buah 5 klon kopi Robusta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, dari Bulan Juli 2014 sampai dengan Juli 2015. Karakterisasi yang diamati meliputi karakter morfologi yaitu proses pembentukan bunga dari fase primordia sampai buah matang fisiologis, dan sebagai pendukung adalah data iklim yang diambil dari stasiun meteorologi Citeko dan stasiun meteorologi Balai Klimatologi lokasi Pakuwon. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa keberhasilan pembuahan lima klon kopi Robusta, yaitu BP 308, BP 436, BP 42, SA 237 dan BP 543, tergolong rendah pada tahun pembuahan 2014/2015. Persentase keberhasilan primordia bunga dari klon BP 308, BP 436, BP 42, SA 237 dan BP 543 yang menjadi buah hanya 6,15-12,43%.
<p>Tanaman porang dapat dikembangkan secara vegetatif menggunakan bulbil. Ukuran bulbil sangat beragam dan diduga akan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi. Selain itu, komposisi media tanam yang terdiri dari tanah dan pupuk kandang (pukan) ayam dengan proporsi yang berbeda diduga akan berpengaruh juga terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil umbi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ukuran bulbil dan komposisi media tanam yang terdiri dari campuran tanah dengan pukan ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman porang. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, Sukabumi, mulai September 2021 sampai Februari 2022. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terpisah dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah ukuran bulbil yang didasarkan pada bobot bulbil: (1) ukuran kecil (5,03-8,48 g/bulbil), (2) sedang (9,40-11,50 g/bulbil), dan (3) besar (12,35-15,62 g/bulbil). Anak petak adalah komposisi media tanam: (1) tanah (100%), (2) tanah:pukan ayam dengan proporsi15:1 (v/v), (3) tanah:pukan ayam dengan proporsi 10:1 (v/v), dan (4) tanah:pukan ayam dengan pproporsi 5:1 (v/v). Peubah yang diamati meliputi: tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar tajuk, serta tebal, diameter, dan bobot segar umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot bulbil tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil porang, kecuali terhadap tinggi tanaman pada pertumbuhan vegetatif awal. Aplikasi pukan ayam sebagai media campuran tanah memberikan pengaruh yang positif. Komposisi media tanam yang terdiri dari tanah:pukan ayam dengan proporsi 5:1 menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil porang yang paling tinggi. Media tanam dengan proporsi tersebut sesuai diaplikasikan pada semua ukuran benih (bulbil) porang.</p>
<p>Keberhasilan okulasi hijau di pembibitan karet (Hevea brasiliensis) stum mata tidur tidak selamanya mencapai persentase tumbuh yang baik karena dipengaruhi faktor lingkungan dan media tanam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat naungan dan media tanam terhadap pecah mata tunas dan pertumbuhan stum mata tidur bibit karet hasil okulasi hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Pakuwon Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi, pada bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Rancangan penelitian adalah petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah tingkat naungan (N) dengan 3 taraf, yaitu N0 = tanpa naungan, N1 = tingkat naungan 50%, dan N2 = 70%. Sebagai anak petak ialah media tanam (M) dengan 5 taraf, yaitu M0 = tanah tanpa pupuk, M1 = tanah + pupuk kotoran ayam (4:1), M2 = tanah + pupuk kotoran kambing (4:1), M3 = tanah + pupuk kotoran ayam + 2,5 g pupuk NPK, dan M4= tanah + pupuk kotoran kambing + 2,5 g pupuk NPK. Peubah yang diamati meliputi kecepatan pecah mata tunas dan pertumbuhan bibit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pembibitan karet tanpa naungan di KP. Pakuwon dengan intensitas cahaya 67.041,67 lux dan suhu udara 31,79 °C menghasilkan persentase pecah mata tunas dan pertumbuhan tinggi tunas hasil okulasi hijau tertinggi. Perlakuan media tanam dan interaksinya dengan tingkat naungan belum memperlihatkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase pecah mata tunas sampai umur 8 MST dan terhadap pertumbuhan tunas hasil okulasi sampai umur 16 MST.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, stum mata tidur, bibit, kotoran kambing, kotoran ayam</p><p>The success of green budding using budded stump of rubber seedling (Hevea brasiliensis) does not always give a good percentage of growth due to the influence of environmental factors and growing media. This study was carried out to determine the effect of shading levels and growing media that can enhance the growth of budded stump on rubber seedling derived from green budding. The experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station (E.S.), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January-October 2013. The study was designed as a split plot with three replications. The main plot is the level of shade with 3 levels: without shade (N1), 50% shade (N2) and 70% shade (N3). Meanwhile, subplot is growing media with 5 levels: soil without fertilizer (control) (P0), Soil + chicken manure (4: 1) (P1), soil + goat manure (4: 1) (P2), Soil + chicken manure + 2.5 g of NPK fertilizer (P3) and soil + goat manure + 2.5 g of NPK fertilizers (P4). The results showed that the condition of the rubber nursery without shade at Pakuwon E.S. with the light intensity of 67041.67 lux and temperature of 31.79 °C resulted the highest percentage of breaking buds and the growth of buds derived from green buddings. The treatment of growing media and its interaction with the shading levels does not show significant effect on the percentage of breaking buds until 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and the growth of buds until 16 WAP.</p>
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