Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge of triathlon athletes on the types of doping used in sports as well as their opinions on the anti-doping matters. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 92 individuals participated in Taşucu Triathlon and İstanbul Salcano Triathlon Series, which was organized in 2015 by the Turkish Triathlon Federation. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test was used in analysis of the data. Corticosteroids, masking agents, anti-estrogenic agents, beta blockers, and cannabinoids were among the types of doping which were least known by the triathlon athletes. These were followed by peptide hormones, narcotic analgesics, anabolic-androgenic steroids and stimulants.Results: Approximately two thirds of triathlon athletes consider that knowledge of athletes, coaches and administrators on doping is not sufficient. Conclusion:The majority of the athletes participated in the study stated that the relevant institutions and organizations are not fighting against doping adequately.

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Background and Study Aim. To determine the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout levels of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was performed in the Sports Science Faculty of İnönü University of Turkey which forms the universe of the study. In addition, "Perception of General self-sufficiency" and "Burnout Level Scale" were used in the study. T-test and One-Way ANOVA tests were used to perform the differential analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables. In addition, regression analysis was performed by creating dummy variables in order to predict the dimensions. Results. The students’ general self-sufficiency perception scores were found to be above average and their burnout levels were found to be below average. It was observed that the general self-sufficiency perception scores differed in terms of the class variable, and the burnout level scores differed in terms of class, family income level and studied department variables. In the correlation analysis that was carried out, it was understood that there was a mutually inverse and significant correlation between the dimensions of the scale. With the regression analysis, it was determined that the first-grade level scores were an independent significant predictor for both self-sufficiency and burnout scores, and the lowest income level scores were only an independent predictor for burnout level scores. Conclusions. It can be said that students at the faculty of sports sciences are not overly affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic and the results are as desired. It can be suggested that the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout scores to be correlated and predicted with different variables.

In this research, quantitative findings and qualitative follow-up themes were used to quantify, conceptualize and finally try to explain the impact of disabled children" engagement with physical activity on their parents" smartphone addiction levels. An initial phase of quantitative investigation was conducted with 116 parents. Analyses of statistical trends indicated that male parents use smartphones more often than female. Furthermore, quantitizing data towards parents" smartphone addiction showed that parents watching their disabled children during physical activity exhibit more smartphone-addicted behaviors than non-watching parents. Finally, data obtained from quantitative findings revealed that levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in more than 60 minutes of physical activity were greater than the levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in 60 minutes of physical activity. With no adequate theoretical explanation for these results, a follow-up explanations phase of qualitative investigation was conducted with 5 parents. Analyses of interview data emerged three themes: (a) Male dominance in smartphone use, (c) parents passive participation in physical activity with or without smartphones and (b) levels of smartphone addiction among parents in terms of duration of their children daily physical activity engagement.

The aim of this study was to explore how do people flourish during leisure adventure activities by examining the data collected during interviews with wreck divers, as special interest tourist. Ten participants who have previously dived in touristic wrecks all over the world were interviewed using open-ended questions. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis resulted in a synthesis of the various ways participants experienced flourishing: (1) Unlocking a mystery or seeing something others may have missed, (2) Socializing and building unique social trust, (3) Carrying a torch for the restoration of the balance between humanity and the underwater cultural heritage, and (4) Enjoying more leisure and travel days for the sake of wreck diving. Wreck diving adventure is experienced as a motivating force that shows a kaleidoscopic and unique view of flourishing.

Background and Study Aim. Nutrition knowledge is related to dietary behavior in athletes. Therefore, it may also have an impact on performance. Athletes with better nutrition knowledge have more healthy dietary habits. This meta-analysis study focused on the impact of gender on the nutrition knowledge levels of physical education and sports stakeholders. Material and Methods. This study adopted a meta-analysis research design, which is used to analyze, synthesize, and interpret quantitative findings from an array of studies through advanced statistical techniques. A meta-analysis involves combining the findings of studies carried out in different places and at different times on the same topic and obtaining a quantitatively accurate result based on a large sample. This study employed the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA, v. 2.0) to determine effect sizes and the variance of each study and to compare groups. Cohen’s kappa intercoder reliability and outlier tests were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results. We focused on 31 studies with a total sample size of 4575. We calculated the effect size of each study. We found a statistically significant effect size in favor of female stakeholders (d = 0.15; 95% CI -0.22 -0.09) in the fixed effects model, which was a weak result according to Cohen’s classification. We determined a statistically significant effect size in favor of female stakeholders (d = 0.15; 95% CI -0.29-0.01) in the random-effects model. These results suggest a slight difference in nutrition knowledge levels between male and female physical education and sports stakeholders. This result can pave the way for further research. Conclusions. It is understood from the physical education and sports stakeholders that there is a weak difference in the nutritional knowledge levels of women compared to men. It is thought that people who study on sports nutrition and nutrition programs will benefit from the present finding. In addition, it is estimated that the researches to be carried out on the relevant subject will take the current study as a reference.

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Background and Study Aim. In distance education, students’ attitudes towards this method gain importance in the process. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of coronavirus anxiety, academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction levels of students in the faculty of sports sciences over their attitudes towards online learning. Material and Methods. A total of 379 sports science faculty students voluntarily participated for the cross-sectional data collection. A simple random sampling method was used in the selection of students from four universities in the Eastern Anatolian region, which make up the universe of the study. Data were collected electronically and analysed by IBM SPSS and AMOS statistical package program. Results. The structural equity model results revealed that academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction are positive predictors of online learning attitudes and negative predictors of coronavirus anxiety. Online learning attitude was found to be positively correlated with other variables other than coronavirus anxiety. In addition, it has been determined that the scale total scores are slightly above average, except for coronavirus anxiety. Conclusions. The results have been discussed in terms of their meaning for the environment of physical education. In this research, which created a model for understanding online learning attitudes in students of the faculty of sports sciences, it was understood that coronavirus anxiety has a statistically significant effect on online learning attitudes while academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction do not have a statistically significant effect. Students’ positive attitude towards online learning and understanding the predictors of this attitude will be a development to be appreciated by all stakeholders of the subject.