ÖZET Çanakkale'de tarım sektörü, oldukça geniş ürün çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Tarımsal faaliyetler arasında tarla tarımı, toplam tarım alanının %67'sinde yürütülmektedir. Bu alanlarda, artık potansiyeli bulunan ürünlerin yaygın olarak yetiştirilmekte olması nedeniyle, Çanakkale'de dikkate değer miktarlarda tarımsal artıklar oluşmaktadır. Söz konusu artıklar, Çanakkale için olduğu kadar Türkiye için de enerji kaynağı olarak önemli biyokütle potansiyeli oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale ilinin tarla tarımı kaynaklı artıkların oluşturduğu biyokütle potansiyeli belirlenmiş ve biyokütle kaynaklı enerji potansiyeli teorik olarak hesaplanmıştır. 2011-2015 yılları arasındaki istatistikleri kapsayan çalışmada, enerji dönüşümüne konu olabilecek tarla tarımı artıkları, ilçelere göre dağılım dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çanakkale'de gıda maddesi olarak tüketilmek üzere yetiştirilen tarla ürünlerinin hasat sonrasında tarlada bırakılan artıklarından elde edilebilecek toplam enerji potansiyelinin 3.33 PJ yıl -1 olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma, biyokütle kaynaklarının kullanımı, geleneksel yaklaşımların etkisi, ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerin değerlendirilmesi ve tarımsal artıklardan yararlanma konularında tartışma ve bazı çözüm önerilerini de içermektedir.Determining the residue and energy potential of field crops in Çanakkale Anahtar Sözcükler: Biyokütle Tarımsal artıklar Yenilenebilir enerji ABSTRACT Agricultural sector in Çanakkale province has a wide variety of products. The field crops are produced in 67% of the total agricultural area. Considerable amounts of agricultural residues occur in Çanakkale because of producing the field crops that have potential residue. These residues have a considerable biomass energy potential, which is important for both the Çanakkale and the Turkey. In this research, biomass energy potentials which could be obtained from field crops in Çanakkale province, and residual biomass potential was theoretically calculated by using the statistical data between the years of 2011 and 2015. Potential Residues of field crops were evaluated by considering the distribution by counties. It was determined that total heat capacity which could be obtained from crop residues after harvesting in Çanakkale was 3.33 PJ per year in average. In addition, results include discussion and suggestions about usage of residues, effects of conventional approach on usage of the biomass energy sources in Çanakkale.
One of the most important key factors for efficient and profitable agricultural production is agricultural mechanization. Since agricultural mechanization system expenses are nearly 30% of an agricultural enterprise investment, the mechanization system should be planned very carefully. Since internet technologies have spread into all areas, including agriculture, a web-based decision support system (DSS) was developed to plan an agricultural machinery system to be used in Turkey's farm enterprises. The developed DSS was written in PHP and the databases were created using the MySQL database administration system. Several tables to select proper machine size and tractor power, including tractor test report data, technical data of the machines produced in Turkey, field work days for Turkey's climatic conditions, and typical working speed and efficiencies of the machines, were included in the databases. For the areas over 10 ha surveys were done for collecting data according to main production and machinery commonly used. Average daily working time data were also estimated. By conducting simulations using the developed DSS based on the survey data, for the machines that are used for producing the most common products in the Adana region, machinery fleets were created and tractor power sizes were selected. According to the results, for farms smaller than 40 ha, one tractor of less than 157 kW would be sufficient, and for the areas that are over 40 ha, two or three tractors would be sufficient to complete the agricultural activities in an effective amount of time.
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