Determining the residue and energy potential of field crops in Çanakkale

Abstract

ÖZET Çanakkale'de tarım sektörü, oldukça geniş ürün çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Tarımsal faaliyetler arasında tarla tarımı, toplam tarım alanının %67'sinde yürütülmektedir. Bu alanlarda, artık potansiyeli bulunan ürünlerin yaygın olarak yetiştirilmekte olması nedeniyle, Çanakkale'de dikkate değer miktarlarda tarımsal artıklar oluşmaktadır. Söz konusu artıklar, Çanakkale için olduğu kadar Türkiye için de enerji kaynağı olarak önemli biyokütle potansiyeli oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale ilinin tarla tarımı kaynaklı artıkların oluşturduğu biyokütle potansiyeli belirlenmiş ve biyokütle kaynaklı enerji potansiyeli teorik olarak hesaplanmıştır. 2011-2015 yılları arasındaki istatistikleri kapsayan çalışmada, enerji dönüşümüne konu olabilecek tarla tarımı artıkları, ilçelere göre dağılım dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çanakkale'de gıda maddesi olarak tüketilmek üzere yetiştirilen tarla ürünlerinin hasat sonrasında tarlada bırakılan artıklarından elde edilebilecek toplam enerji potansiyelinin 3.33 PJ yıl -1 olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma, biyokütle kaynaklarının kullanımı, geleneksel yaklaşımların etkisi, ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerin değerlendirilmesi ve tarımsal artıklardan yararlanma konularında tartışma ve bazı çözüm önerilerini de içermektedir.Determining the residue and energy potential of field crops in Çanakkale Anahtar Sözcükler: Biyokütle Tarımsal artıklar Yenilenebilir enerji ABSTRACT Agricultural sector in Çanakkale province has a wide variety of products. The field crops are produced in 67% of the total agricultural area. Considerable amounts of agricultural residues occur in Çanakkale because of producing the field crops that have potential residue. These residues have a considerable biomass energy potential, which is important for both the Çanakkale and the Turkey. In this research, biomass energy potentials which could be obtained from field crops in Çanakkale province, and residual biomass potential was theoretically calculated by using the statistical data between the years of 2011 and 2015. Potential Residues of field crops were evaluated by considering the distribution by counties. It was determined that total heat capacity which could be obtained from crop residues after harvesting in Çanakkale was 3.33 PJ per year in average. In addition, results include discussion and suggestions about usage of residues, effects of conventional approach on usage of the biomass energy sources in Çanakkale.

Estimation of pruning wastes and biochar production potential of Turkey

“…The fruit-bearing trees almond, apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, plum, and sour cherry trees, which are grown in almost all provinces in Turkey and pruned every 1 to 2 years, were taken into consideration (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2022). Bilandzija et al (2012) and Sumer et al (2016) reported the pruning coefficients of the almond, apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, plum, and sour cherry trees as 5. 81, 2.34, 5.79, 5.90, 7.23, 2.45, 7.34, and 5.37 kg/tree year, respectively.…”

“…1. The studies conducted by Kaygusuz (2001), Lora andAndrade (2009), andSumer et al (2016) report that 70% of the total biomass can be used for generating energy. Therefore, the biomass usable ratio was admittedly 70%.…”

“…Of the estimated total pruning wastes, 7.3% were generated in the Aegean Region, 6.0% in the Marmara Region, 6.0% in the Black Sea Region, 4.5% in the Eastern Anatolia Region, and 1.1% in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. The biomass-usable percentage was 70% (Kaygusuz 2001;Lora and Andrade 2009;Sumer et al 2016), and the biochar conversion was reported to be 35% (IEA 2006;Winsley 2007). In Turkey, the total biochar potential of almond tree pruning wastes was estimated as 17.7 thousand tons/year (Table 3), and the total biochar potential of apple tree pruning wastes was estimated as 41.5 thousand tons/year (Table 4).…”

“…It has been determined that almost all provinces in the other five regions will also generate pruning waste; however, the amounts of waste generated by the provinces in the same regions will not show considerable differences. While a biomass-usable ratio of 70% was reported in the estimation of recoverable pruning waste, a biochar conversion rate of 35% was reported in the estimation of biochar potential (Kaygusuz 2001;IEA 2006;Winsley 2007;Lora and Andrade 2009;Sumer et al 2016).…”

“…This can be explained by each region has a different number of provinces. The biomass usable rate was reported to be 70% (Kaygusuz 2001;Lora and Andrade 2009;Sumer et al 2016), and the biochar conversion was reported to be 35% (IEA 2006;Winsley 2007). As presented in Table 9, the biochar potential of pruning waste from plum trees was estimated as 16.3 thousand tons/year while the biochar potential of pruning wastes from sour cherry trees was estimated as 7.57 thousand tons/year as given in Table 10.…”