All men in the present research (15 healthy and 75 patients) have undergone clinical examination as well as other physiological and immunological tests, such as glycosylated hemoglobin test, hemoglobin level, platelets count, albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 level), white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The results showed significant effect of (P<0.05) for the age groups and duration of diabetes mellitus on the hemoglobin level. However, there were no notable differences (P>0.05) in the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio and platelet counts when the age groups and duration of diabetes mellitus for men with type 2 diabetes are compared with each other. Moreover, the study revealed an observable impact of (P<0.05) for the albumin to creatinine ratio on the hemoglobin level and number of platelets in the blood. Yet, no significant differences (P>0.05) was noticed in the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio. For the other parameters, a significant effect of (P<0.05) was observed for the glomerular filtration rate on the glycosylated hemoglobin ratio, hemoglobin level and platelets count. In relation with the immunological criteria, a noticeable influence of (P<0.05) was shown for age groups, duration of diabetes mellitus, albumin to creatinine ratio and glomerular filtration rate on the MCP-1 level in the serum, and the neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, no significant variations (P>0.05) were recorded in the number of white blood cells. The study aims to diagnose whether it is the possibility of using the physiological and immunological criteria under study to predict reaching the final stages of diabetic nephropathy in order to prevent renal failure.
This work was carried out in labs of University of Kufa, beginning 1/10/2021 to 1/12/2021, and was conducted by following up on (28) albino male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain at the age of three months to determine the efficiency of the alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea flowers in the prevention of the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the weights of rats ranged between 216-246, and then alienated into four assembly s for every assembly of 7 rats, where the first assembly was a control orally dosed with tap water, and the second assembly was salted with paracetamol concentration 2000 mg / kg orally, either the third assembly was certain the alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea flowers at a concentration of 500 mg/kg and the drug was certain at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg orally, while the last assembly was administrated with the alcoholic extract only through the mouth. Furthermore, the treatment continued for a period of (60) days, in the morning (at half past eight), once a day. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters such as flats of vitamin D3, calcium, phosphate, creatinine, urea. The conclusion is the alcoholic extract of broccoli flowers has shown a protective role against the pathological effects of the drug, and this may be explained by its active chemical antioxidant components.
Experiment is to assess efficiency of alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds in improving erythropoietin levels and some other biological parameters against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The study was worked in Labs / Unive. Kufa for the period from 1/10/2021 to 1/12/2021, with a follow-up of (42) three-month-old male albino rats, their weights ranged between 215-242 g to assess the protective role of the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds in inhibiting acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the rats were divided into six groups with seven animals for each group. The first group, which is the control group, and they were dosed with tap water once a day, the second group, that were orally dosed with acetaminophen 1000mg\kg once, and the third group was treated with the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 250 mg/kg and an hour later was given acetaminophen 1000 mg/kg orally, while the fourth group was treated with alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 500 mg/kg and an hour later they were given acetaminophen 1000 mg/kg orally, and the fifth group was treated with alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 250 mg/kg orally only, and with regard to the sixth group, it was treated orally with the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 500 mg/kg only, and the treatment continued for a period of 60 days, once a day, in the morning (at half past eight). The study included evaluation of some biochemical parameters such as levels of erythropoietin hormone, iron ion, total iron binding capacity, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, reduced and oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde and lipid peroxide, decreasing of erythropoietin, iron ion, total iron binding capacity, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and important increase (P<0.05) in the levels of total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde and lipid peroxidation in the group that was treated with the drug compared to the control group. As for the group that was given the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 250 mg/kg + acetaminophen, it did not show a protective role for this concentration against the toxic effects of the drug, as it showed important differences (P<0.05) in all parameters included in the current study compared with the control group. Contrary to above, the group that was given the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 500 mg/kg + acetaminophen did not reveal important alterations (P 0.05) in the study criteria compared with the control group. Concern to the group of rats treated with alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds concentration 250 mg/kg only, it did not give important differences in the study parameters compared with the control group, except for the level of reduced glutathione, which showed important increase (P<0.05). Finally, the group that orally dosed the alcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum seeds at a concentration of 500 mg/kg only, recorded important elevation (P<0.05) in the levels of erythropoietin hormone, iron ion, total iron binding capacity, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and in contrast important reduction (P<0.05) in the levels of total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde and lipid peroxide in comparison with the control group.
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