Two field experiments were performed at Sids Agriculture Farm Research Station, Bani Swif Governorate during 2003 and 2004 seasons, to study the suitability of different tillage treatments, i.e. chisel plough two and three passes at 10, 15 and 20cm depths and intercropping patterns of maize and soybean i.e. two ridges of maize : two ridges of soybean (2:2) and two ridges of maize : four ridges of soybean (2:4) on water consumption, growth characters, yield and quality of maize (cv. T.W.C. 310) intercropped with soybean (cv. Clark). The results indicated that using chisel plough 3 passes decreased the value of mean weight diameter (M.W.D) by 33.00%, 27.92% and 31.87% as compared when using chisel plough 2 passes for 10, 15 and 20cm depths respectively. On other hand, yield and quality of maize, as well as, yield and quality of soybean were significantly increased by using tillage with chisel plough 3 passes. Both yield of maize and soybean per feddan. in pure stand were always higher than those within any intercrop combination, these results were true in both seasons. The data also revealed that maize yield in (2:2) pattern and using chisel plough 3 passes at 15cm depth gave the highest yield whereas, the highest yield of soybean per feddan was obtained when soybean plants grown in (2:4) pattern with 3 passes of chisel plough at15cm depth. On other hand the highest values of water use efficiency (W.U.E) in the two seasons were recorded when (2:4) pattern was applied and using chisel plough 3 passes at15cm depth The highest values of land equivalent ratio (LER) in the two seasons were 1.54 and 1.53 respectively when (2:4) pattern was applied.

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T HIS study was undertaken to evaluate the field performance of the two newly promising bred eggplant F 1 hybrids (H1 and H2) relative to a commercial eggplant hybrid (Alabaster, C4) as a reference, as well as apply a dependable DNA fingerprinting technique (PCR-based, Inter Simple Sequence Repeat, ISSR markers) for identification and documentation of locally produced eggplant F 1 hybrids. Vegetative growth and yield parameters for H1, H2, and C4 eggplant hybrids were evaluated under four ecological conditions and in different geographic governorate locations (Giza "L-1", Menofia "L-2", Qalyubia "L-3" and El-Behaira "L-4") during the two growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 The means of locally produced eggplant F 1 hybrids (H1 and H2) exceeded or equaled the means of the reference hybrid (C4), especially under the conditions of Qalyubia (L3) and Giza (L1) for the characteristics of plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, early flowering, early fruit yield, total fruit yield, number of fruits/plant and the average fruit weight. Furthermore, nineteen ISSR primers were used to identify the genetic fingerprint of the above-mentioned hybrids (H1, H2 and C4) in addition to two local parental lines (P1 and P2). ISSR analysis revealed 243 distinct DNA amplified bands with polymorphic bands of 50.21%. The percentage of polymorphism ranged between 9% and 88% with an average level of 50%. The PIC value varied from 0.09 to 0.49 with an average of 0.36. Seven ISSR primers (HB12, 17899-A, UBC-844, UBC-892, UBC-895, ISSR-59 and ISSR-DAT) produced distinctive fingerprints associated with H1 hybrid. In the same context, eight primers (HB10, HB12, UBC-892, UBC-808, ISSR-55, ISSR-01, ISSR-59 and ISSR-DAT) were distinctive for H2 hybrid. While the commercial hybrid "C4" was distinguished by only three primers (UBC-850, UBC-881 and ISSR-9). The highest similarity value of 0.89 was found between P1 and H1, while the lowest value of 0.78 between P1 and H2. It may be concluded that local eggplant hybrids (H1 and H2) performed superiorly in most studied traits and displayed more polymorphisms than the commercial eggplant hybrid "C4".

Iraqi grade five pupils often lack proficiency in fractions and lack motivation in learning fractions through the conventional method of teaching. Research has shown that the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) module helps primary pupils to learn fractions and give them better motivation to learn fractions. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design and two intact grade five classes from an Iraqi school in KL, Malaysia were randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference in proficiency in fractions and motivation in learning fractions between the groups and favoring the CRA module.