Background: Two cultivars (Balady and Dukat) of dill plants were grown in the Experimental Farm Station of Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University, during two seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. This investigation aims to determine the response of two dill cultivars to seven fertilizer treatments, i.e., control, 100% mineral fertilizer, 100% biofertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer, 100% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer, and 50% organic fertilizer with biofertilizer. Data on plant height, leaf number, and some chemical composition such as antioxidant and nitrate accumulation were recorded in the vegetative growth stage. Results: The results demonstrated that dill cv. Dukat gave the highest plants (cm), maximum leaf number per plant, pigment content (mg/g), total carbohydrates (%), nitrogen, and phosphorus percentages in the vegetative growth stage. Meanwhile, dill cv. Balady recorded the maximum potassium percentage and low content of nitrate accumulation (mg/kg) in the vegetative growth stage. Both dill cultivars contained antioxidants without significant differences between them. The best fertilization treatments were 100% organic fertilization with biofertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer for plant height (cm), leaf number per plant, pigment content, antioxidant percentage, total carbohydrate percentage, and N and P percentages of two dill genotypes. On the other hand, 50% organic fertilization with biofertilizers was recorded as the best treatment for nitrate accumulation and K percentage with two dill cultivars. Conclusion: These results prove that chemical fertilizers could be completely replaced by organic sources supplemented by NPK Symbion without any negative effect on dill vegetative growth and or nutrient contents.
Five Egyptian parental genotypes of Faba bean were used for carrying out half diallel design to study heterosis and nature of gene action for earliness, vegetative, yield and yield components traits. Mean squares of genotypes were found to be highly significant for all studied traits. The results showed that the majority of crosses exhibited significant heterosis estimates for better parent for all studied traits. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were highly significant for all studied traits. The results indicated that the magnitude of additive genetic variance (σ 2 A) were positive and lower than those of non additive (σ 2 D) one for all the studied traits, indicating that non additive gene action played a major role in the inheritance of different traits under study. The broad sense heritability estimates (H 2 b %) were more than their corresponding narrow sense heritability (H 2 n %) for all studied traits. However, estimates of narrow sense heritability were 34.2 and 14.8% for earliness traits and ranged from 15.2 to 29.8% for number of branches per plant and plant height, respectively. Respecting to yield components, the estimates of narrow sense heritability ranged from 8.8 to 70.9% for number of pod per plant and weight of 100 seed (g), respectively. The results showed that the two cultivar, Giza 843 (P 4 ) and Misr 2 (P1) was good general combiner for earliness, yield and yield components, respectively. The cross (P 1 xP 5 ) showed desirable SCA effects and significant heterosis values for earliness, and yield components. While, the two crosses, (P 1 xP 3 ) and (P 3 xP 4 ) exhibited desirable SCA effects for vegetative traits. These promising crosses could be used for breeding programs to produce pure lines.Key words: Faba bean, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), heterosis, gene action. INRODUCTIONFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important pulse crops in Egypt; it is plays an important role in world agriculture due to the high protein content, its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and its capacity to grow and yield well on marginal lands (Alghamdi, 2007; Farag and Afia, 2012). Great efforts have been directed to improve yield level and quality properties in faba bean. In this trend, heterosis and combining ability provide important *Corresponding author. E-mail: naheif@yahoo.com. information for improving seed yield and other economic traits in faba bean. Superiority of hybrids over the better parent for seed yield and its attributes are associated with the magnitude of heterotic effects in important yield attributes, that is, number of branches per plant, pod setting percentage, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, shellout percentage and pod filling percentage. These heterotic effects may range from significantly positive to significantly negative for various traits according to genetic makeup of the parents Darwish et al., 2005;El-Hady et al., 2006; Farag and Afia, 2012).
Background: Water use efficiency (WUE) is becoming a decisive factor for agricultural expansion to face water shortage. To meet the needs of high population density in Egypt, we have to use modern irrigation systems and new cultivation technologies. The current study is aiming to apply grafting technique for ameliorating the impact of deficit water on cantaloupe productivity and fruit quality. Two commercial cultivars (Ideal and Veleta) were grafted on two rootstocks (Cobalt and Strong-Tosa) and self-grafting. The seedlings were treated with three different irrigation levels: 100, 75, and 50% of Class A pan Evapotranspiration (ETc). Results: The results showed that moderate irrigation level (75% ETc) increased the early yield, fruits number, by 15.3 and 17.4%, respectively, compared to control irrigation treatment (100% ETc). No significant variation was found concerning total yield between 100 and 75% ETc, so this led to an increase in WUE of moderate irrigation level (75% ETc) by 34.3%, compared to control irrigation treatment (100% ETc). Increasing deficit levels up to 50% ETc reduced the total yield by 47.4%, but it increased the WUE by 8.8%, compared to the non-deficit irrigation level (100% ETc). Meanwhile, grafting both cultivars on Cobalt rootstock improved the fruit number, total yield, and WUE by 39.2%, 26.9%, and 24.1%, respectively when irrigated with the moderate irrigation level (75% ETc), as compared to the non-grafted plants which recorded the highest decrease when irrigated with deficit irrigation level (50% ETc). Conclusion: Finally, the combination treatments of Ideal/Strong-Tosa, Veleta/Cobalt, or Ideal/Cobalt irrigated with moderate irrigation level (75% ETc) increased the WUE by 97.3, 83.4, and 65%, respectively, compared to the control treatment (non-grafted plants of the same cv. at 100% ETc) and recorded higher flesh thickness, TSS and firmness.
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