Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of five peanut cultivars grown under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted using five peanut cultivars (Giza-5, Giza-6, Ismailia-1, Gregory, and R92) in a randomized complete block design with five replications during two following seasons to estimate the performance of five peanut cultivars for vegetative growth, yield, and yield component traits as well as seed quality traits. Twenty RAPD primers were used to identify a unique fingerprint for each of five cultivars. Results: Giza-6 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars in the most vegetative growth traits and yield and its components traits, while the lowest values were observed in Giza-5 cultivar. The dendrogram constructed from RAPD analysis showed that Gregory and Giza-5 were the most distant among five peanut cultivars. Conclusions: RAPD markers are useful in the detection of genetic diversity of peanut. The availability of genetic diversity is important for the genetic improvement of peanut.
Background Salinity has a negative effect on the productivity of many crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-soaking in different concentrations of tryptophan (0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM) on growth, yield and root quality of two sugar beet cultivars (DS-9004 and LP-15) under different salinity levels (320, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm) in an effort to reduce salinity damage on sugar beet. The data were collected at 2 stages of growth (75 and 180 days after sowing). Results The results revealed that the pre-soaking in tryptophan treatments (2.5 mM) were the most effective treatments under different salinity levels and caused significant increases in all tested parameters of this study. Moreover, increasing salinity levels decreased significantly the root purity parameters and increased impurity parameters of sugar beet. The DS-9004 cultivar gave the highest values of all studied parameters compared with the LP-15 cultivar under different salinity levels with tryptophan (2.5 mM). Chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a/b ratio, as well as carotenoids content, were highest in DS-9004 cultivar, while chlorophyll b content was highest in LP-15 cultivar at 75 days. Conclusions Salinity level up to 320 ppm positively affected the growth yield of sugar beet while the highest significant reduction was associated with increasing salinity up to 8000 ppm. Thus, pre-soaking in tryptophan (2.5 mM) has a promotive effect on increasing sugar beet yield under water salinity conditions.
T HIS study was undertaken to evaluate the field performance of the two newly promising bred eggplant F 1 hybrids (H1 and H2) relative to a commercial eggplant hybrid (Alabaster, C4) as a reference, as well as apply a dependable DNA fingerprinting technique (PCR-based, Inter Simple Sequence Repeat, ISSR markers) for identification and documentation of locally produced eggplant F 1 hybrids. Vegetative growth and yield parameters for H1, H2, and C4 eggplant hybrids were evaluated under four ecological conditions and in different geographic governorate locations (Giza "L-1", Menofia "L-2", Qalyubia "L-3" and El-Behaira "L-4") during the two growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 The means of locally produced eggplant F 1 hybrids (H1 and H2) exceeded or equaled the means of the reference hybrid (C4), especially under the conditions of Qalyubia (L3) and Giza (L1) for the characteristics of plant height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, early flowering, early fruit yield, total fruit yield, number of fruits/plant and the average fruit weight. Furthermore, nineteen ISSR primers were used to identify the genetic fingerprint of the above-mentioned hybrids (H1, H2 and C4) in addition to two local parental lines (P1 and P2). ISSR analysis revealed 243 distinct DNA amplified bands with polymorphic bands of 50.21%. The percentage of polymorphism ranged between 9% and 88% with an average level of 50%. The PIC value varied from 0.09 to 0.49 with an average of 0.36. Seven ISSR primers (HB12, 17899-A, UBC-844, UBC-892, UBC-895, ISSR-59 and ISSR-DAT) produced distinctive fingerprints associated with H1 hybrid. In the same context, eight primers (HB10, HB12, UBC-892, UBC-808, ISSR-55, ISSR-01, ISSR-59 and ISSR-DAT) were distinctive for H2 hybrid. While the commercial hybrid "C4" was distinguished by only three primers (UBC-850, UBC-881 and ISSR-9). The highest similarity value of 0.89 was found between P1 and H1, while the lowest value of 0.78 between P1 and H2. It may be concluded that local eggplant hybrids (H1 and H2) performed superiorly in most studied traits and displayed more polymorphisms than the commercial eggplant hybrid "C4".
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Oil content has an important quality trait for peanut. However, the progress in genetic improvement of oil content is slow. Therefore, identification of molecular markers for oil content trait is a great impact in molecular breeding. Nineteen RAPD and ten SSR primers were used to detect markers related to oil content in peanut. The five peanut cultivars were grown for two seasons (2013, 2014) in El-Nubaria, Al-Beheira Governorate, and Egypt. The results showed that, Gregory cultivar recorded the highest value of oil content, while Giza5 cultivar exhibited the lowest value of oil content in both seasons. The results indicated the presence of five positive and nine negative RAPD markers and two positive and one negative SSR markers that could be considered as reliable markers for oil content in peanut.
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