Two field experiments were performed at Sids Agriculture Farm Research Station, Bani Swif Governorate during 2003 and 2004 seasons, to study the suitability of different tillage treatments, i.e. chisel plough two and three passes at 10, 15 and 20cm depths and intercropping patterns of maize and soybean i.e. two ridges of maize : two ridges of soybean (2:2) and two ridges of maize : four ridges of soybean (2:4) on water consumption, growth characters, yield and quality of maize (cv. T.W.C. 310) intercropped with soybean (cv. Clark). The results indicated that using chisel plough 3 passes decreased the value of mean weight diameter (M.W.D) by 33.00%, 27.92% and 31.87% as compared when using chisel plough 2 passes for 10, 15 and 20cm depths respectively. On other hand, yield and quality of maize, as well as, yield and quality of soybean were significantly increased by using tillage with chisel plough 3 passes. Both yield of maize and soybean per feddan. in pure stand were always higher than those within any intercrop combination, these results were true in both seasons. The data also revealed that maize yield in (2:2) pattern and using chisel plough 3 passes at 15cm depth gave the highest yield whereas, the highest yield of soybean per feddan was obtained when soybean plants grown in (2:4) pattern with 3 passes of chisel plough at15cm depth. On other hand the highest values of water use efficiency (W.U.E) in the two seasons were recorded when (2:4) pattern was applied and using chisel plough 3 passes at15cm depth The highest values of land equivalent ratio (LER) in the two seasons were 1.54 and 1.53 respectively when (2:4) pattern was applied.
Two field trials were carried out at South Tahrir Research Station (Ali-Moubark). These trials were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate three planting dates of maize (the over story shade crop) intercropped with groundnut i.e, on 1 st June, 10 th June and 20 th June, and four plant densities of maize intercropped with groundnut, i.e, maize was spaced at 50 and 100 cm apart leaving one or two plants/hill. Groundnut (the main crop) was grown on all rows. The data obtained indicate that ear length, ear diameter, number of rows/ear, number of kernels/row and the weight of 100grains increased with increasing maize spacing as well as with diminishing the number of plants remained per hill after thinning (to one plant/ hill). On other hand dense planting resulted in higher yield of maize whether by narrowing maize spacing or increasing the number of maize plants per hill after thinning. Yield and yield components of maize were significantly decreased by delaying planting date of maize up to the latest date. Yield /fed and yield components of groundnut were associated with maize density and distribution. The more the shade offered by maize the less the values of these traits were obtained. Highest values were obtained when maize was spaced at 100cm. and thinned to one plant/ hill. Increases in the values of yield and yield components of groundnut were associated with delaying the planting date of maize. Delaying the planting date of maize resulted in increases in the values of land equivalent ratio (LER) and the relative crowding coefficient. The treatment effect at any planting date of maize exerted very low competitive pressure when aggressivity was measured. With delaying seeding maize, competitive ratio (CR) diminished to the least. Spacing maize at 50cm. apart and leaving two plants / hill after thinning resulted in highest value of LER and relative crowding coefficient (RCC). Nor any maize density had any heavy competitive pressure on groundnut when aggressivity was measured.
ABSRACTTwo field experiments were conducted on clay soil in 2015-16 and 2016-17 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El--Sheikh, Egypt, to exploit the land in the period from harvesting early rice cultivars to grow wheat in suitable date by planting the temporary fodder crops to increase economic returns. The trials studied the response of wheat cv. Giza 171 to some crop sequences systems and nitrogen rates. Each experiment included three rice cultivars (Sakha 101, Sakha 106 and Giza 179) as a preceding crop, three intermediate crop (maize and berseem fahl as mono-cut forage crops as well as fallow land) and three nitrogen rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N fed. -1 ) in wheat. The experimental design was Split Split-plot with three replications. Main plots were assigned to preceding crops (rice cultivars), sub plots to intermediate crops and sub-sub plots to nitrogen rates. Rice cultivars as preceding crop had no significant effect on all studded wheat traits, namely plant height, spikes number m -2 , spike length, spike weight and grains number spike 1 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index in both seasons. There was an apparent difference due to intermediate crop in all mentioned traits of wheat, except harvest index in the two seasons. The sequence system of berseem fahl -wheat resulted in a significant increase in plant height, spikes number m -2 , spike length, spike weight and grains number spike 1 , grain yield and straw yield of wheat compared with maize-wheat and fallow-wheat sequence systems in the two seasons. However, maize-wheat and fallow-wheat sequence systems substantially increased 1000-grain weight of wheat than the berseem fahlwheat system. Wheat grown after maize or fallow soil was statistically at par in all mentioned treats in both seasons. Plant height, spikes number m -2 , spike length, grains number spike 1 and straw yield and of wheat gradually increased by increasing nitrogen rate from 50 to 100 kg N fed. -1 . Spike weight, grain yield and harvest index of wheat was markedly increased by increasing nitrogen rate from 50 to 75 kg N fed -1 , then those decreased at 100 kg N fed -1 . Application of 100 kg N fed -1 produced the lightest 1000-grain weight of wheat in both seasons, while the heaviest ones were obtained from adding 75 and 50 kg N fed -1 in the first and second seasons, respectively. Grain yield was significantly affected by the interaction between intermediate crop and nitrogen levels. Wheat grown after berseem and received any nitrogen rate was among those having high grain yield in both seasons. It can be concluded that the sequence system of rice-berseem fahl-wheat received 50 kg N fed -1 could be recommended for optimum grain yield of wheat at Kafr El-Shiekh Governorate. This result indicated that application of berseem fahl as intermediate crop can be saved 50 kg N fed -1 without reduce grain yield of wheat, in addition to the producing green forage to use in animal food.
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