This paper deals with a multi-objective optimization of a screw-top beverage bottle for hot vending. The bottle body has temperate touch feeling, and can be embossed easily by axially imposing a cylindrical tube die with rib-shaped inner surface on the outer surface of the bottle body. Initially a contact nonlinear analysis of fingers grasping the bottle is carried out, and the amount of heat transmitted from the hot bottle to the flesh of the finger is then calculated to evaluate the hot touch feeling.Meanwhile, the simulation of the rib-shape embossing process of the bottle body is performed to evaluate the embossing formability of different rib shape designs. Finally, 3 using Response Surface Approximation method and Weighted Sum Approach, a multi-objective optimization on the shape of the rib is performed to obtain temperate touch feeling as well as better embossing formability. The amount of heat transmitted from the optimized rib-shape embossed bottle decreased at least 30% as compared with that of the regular bottle.
This paper introduced the finite element analyses to evaluate numerically and objectively the feelings in the fingertip when opening aluminum beverage cans in order to design the shape of the tab. At first, experiments of indenting vertically the fingertip pulp by a probe and tabs of the aluminum beverage can ends have been done to observe force responses and feelings in the fingertip. It is found that a typical force-displacement curve may be simplified as a combination of three curves with different gradients. We feel a touch at Curve 1 of the force-displacement curve, then feel a pressure and our pulse at Curve 2, finally feel discomfort followed by a pain in the fingertip at Curve 3. Moreover, the finite element analyses have been performed to simulate the tab indenting the fingertip vertically to confirm that the simulation results agree well with the experimental observations. Finally, numerical simulations of finger pulling up the tab of the can end has also been performed and discomfort in the fingertip has been presented by the maximum value of the A paper submitted to Applied Ergonomics 2 contact stress of the finger model. Comparisons of three kinds of tab ring shape designs showed that the tab that may have a larger contact area with finger is better.
The recycling of aluminum can is explained mainly from the stand point of closed-loop recycling that used beverage can (UBC) is returned to reproduce as a raw material of alloy for aluminum can. Since the energy from remelted aluminum by recycled UBC saves up to 95% of the over-all energy required for primary aluminum production, the economical effect is very large. If the recycling system does not act on an economical rule, it would be very difficult for us to realize the UBC recycling. From this concept, to reduce melt loss, namely, to gain high recovery rate of metal from UBC scrap is necessary. Both to collect high quality UBC and to determine the conditions of delaquering and remelting are very important. Not only a study of metal-recovery method from the dross formed in the melt furnace while remelting, but also a utilizing study to pass without carrying the remaining ash after the dross treatment to the reclaimed land are required. Judging from the metal balance in view of Mg and Mn content to return aluminum alloy for can in the closed-loop, up to about 75% of Can to Can ratio is acceptable to use properly both 3000 series for body and 5000 series for end. As a future issue, however, the development of aluminum alloy to increase the usage of recycled metal is important. Currently, 5042 and 5021 alloys are beginning to use for end stock. It is ultimately desirable that an uni-alloy such as 5017 alloy is developed. The higher UBC recycling ratio will be, the more the environmental loads will be remarkably reduced as shown in Life Cycle Analysis. It is concluded that aluminum can is the product to be able to enter in the closed-loop system in comparison with other packaging containers.
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