Aluminum Can Recycling in the Systemized Closed-loop

et al. 2008

Applied Ergonomics

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This paper introduced the finite element analyses to evaluate numerically and objectively the feelings in the fingertip when opening aluminum beverage cans in order to design the shape of the tab. At first, experiments of indenting vertically the fingertip pulp by a probe and tabs of the aluminum beverage can ends have been done to observe force responses and feelings in the fingertip. It is found that a typical force-displacement curve may be simplified as a combination of three curves with different gradients. We feel a touch at Curve 1 of the force-displacement curve, then feel a pressure and our pulse at Curve 2, finally feel discomfort followed by a pain in the fingertip at Curve 3. Moreover, the finite element analyses have been performed to simulate the tab indenting the fingertip vertically to confirm that the simulation results agree well with the experimental observations. Finally, numerical simulations of finger pulling up the tab of the can end has also been performed and discomfort in the fingertip has been presented by the maximum value of the A paper submitted to Applied Ergonomics 2 contact stress of the finger model. Comparisons of three kinds of tab ring shape designs showed that the tab that may have a larger contact area with finger is better.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomic design of beverage can lift tabs based on numerical evaluations of fingertip discomfort

Han¹,

Nishiyama²,

et al. 2008

Applied Ergonomics

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“…H 1 = Unit depth of the shell H 2 = Lip height of the shell H 3 = Panel depth of the shell P 1 = load applied to the upper piston P 2 = load applied to the die center P 3 = load applied to the lower piston P 4 = load applied to the panel punch E = Young's modulus of the blank ν = Poisson's ratio of the blank σ 0 = yielding stress of the blank T 0 = initial thickness of the blank before forming T min = minimum thickness of the shell after forming ε 0 = minimum circumferential plastic strain of the shell…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Student, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kakuma-machi. 4 Manager, Technology and Development Department, 1500 Suganuma, Oyama-cho. 5 Assistant Manager, Technology and Development Department, 1500 Suganuma, Oyama-cho.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Thinning Minimization for Forming Aluminum Beverage Can End Shells

Han¹,

13th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis Optimization Conference

Otsuka

et al. 2010

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Forming simulations of the can end shell have been implemented based on both of the axisymmetric model and three-dimensional models, for a better understanding of the forming process. The comparison shows that the simulation results agree reasonably well with the experimental observations of the actual forming process. The influence of the loads applied to tools, the clearance between tools, the shape of the tool profile and the position of tools have been investigated, based on the axisymmetric model to save computational time. The design optimization method based on the numerical simulations have been applied to search the optimum design points, in order to reduce the thinning subjected to the constraints of the geometric shape of the shell and the suppression of wrinkles. The optimization results show that the thinning can be improved up to 4% by optimizing the forming route, adjusting the clearance and the load, and modifying the tool shape. NomenclatureH 1 = Unit depth of the shell H 2 = Lip height of the shell H 3 = Panel depth of the shell P 1 = load applied to the upper piston P 2 = load applied to the die center P 3 = load applied to the lower piston P 4 = load applied to the panel punch E = Young's modulus of the blank ν = Poisson's ratio of the blank σ 0 = yielding stress of the blank T 0 = initial thickness of the blank before forming T min = minimum thickness of the shell after forming ε 0 = minimum circumferential plastic strain of the shell= rate of change in the load applied to the panel punch

“…Since the 2-Pc screw-top aluminum beverage bottles have advantages of resealabilty, high recyclability, wider billboard as well as good productivity, they have been attracted more consumers in Japan and are being set to take on international markets (Nishiyama 2002;Ueno 2003). In winter, beverages are expected being offered hot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective optimization of a two-piece aluminum beverage bottle considering tactile sensation of heat and embossing formability

Han

Itoh

et al. 2006

Struct Multidisc Optim

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This paper deals with a multi-objective optimization of a screw-top beverage bottle for hot vending. The bottle body has temperate touch feeling, and can be embossed easily by axially imposing a cylindrical tube die with rib-shaped inner surface on the outer surface of the bottle body. Initially a contact nonlinear analysis of fingers grasping the bottle is carried out, and the amount of heat transmitted from the hot bottle to the flesh of the finger is then calculated to evaluate the hot touch feeling.Meanwhile, the simulation of the rib-shape embossing process of the bottle body is performed to evaluate the embossing formability of different rib shape designs. Finally, 3 using Response Surface Approximation method and Weighted Sum Approach, a multi-objective optimization on the shape of the rib is performed to obtain temperate touch feeling as well as better embossing formability. The amount of heat transmitted from the optimized rib-shape embossed bottle decreased at least 30% as compared with that of the regular bottle.