Recent advancements in green building technologies (GBTs) have grown substantially, as an outcome of the environmental, economic and societal benefits. It has the potential to move toward sustainable development, specifically related to climate change. In GBTs, the main objective is to use energy, water and other resources in a balanced way, without using them extensively. This will improve the environmental conditions. Green buildings (GBs) are beneficial when it comes to energy consumption and emissions; low maintenance and operation costs; boosting health and productivity; etc. There is a lack of a critical review of the past or present research work in the area of the Green Building Technology (GBT) sector to identify the future roadmap for sustainable green building technologies. A critical review, with the help of proper research methodology, was identified. The scope of this study is to analyze the existing work on different issues, and find different key issues in green building research, which has minimal use of natural resources, is cost-effective and is designed and constructed for a longer duration, considering future prospects. This paper examines the state of green building construction today and makes recommendations for further study and development which will be necessary for a sustainable future. In order to encourage research, this study also identified a few possible future research directions in sustainable development.
Electricity is one of the most widely used forms of energy. Being a renewable source of energy small hydropower is considered as an environment—friendly and cheap source of electricity. The installation cost of the small hydropower project depends mainly on two parts—civil works and electromechanical equipment. One of the most important element on the recovery of a small hydro-power plant is the electromechanical equipment (turbine-alternator). The present paper intends to develop a correlation to determine the cost based on the cost influencing parameters as power and head using three different methods, namely; sigma plot method, linest method and logest method. An attempt has also been made to identify the best correlation among the three models closer to the actual cost of electro-mechanical equipment as collected from recently developed projects
This paper presents the design and development of a bio-inspired flapping wing type Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Bio-inspiration is implicated to design a flapping wing aerodynamic ornithopter, controlled using a micro scale integrated on-board electronic circuits and communication device. The study of flapping flight from an experimental standpoint brought insight into the liftgenerating mechanisms produced during flapping. These vehicles are meant to address a large number of civilian and military applications including intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. A First Person View (FPV) approach is utilized to wirelessly pilot the vehicle and for surveillance. The integrated system concludes to present a multidimensional approach to design, develop and control a micro scale aerial vehicle for deployment.
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