Anticipating the harvest period of soybean crops can impact on the post-harvest processes. This study aimed to evaluate early soybean harvest associated drying and storage conditions on the physicochemical soybean quality using of mathematical modeling and multivariate analysis. The soybeans were harvested with a moisture content of 18 and 23% (d.b.) and subjected to drying in a continuous dryer at 80, 100, and 120 °C. The drying kinetics and volumetric shrinkage modeling were evaluated. Posteriorly, the soybean was stored at different packages and temperatures for 8 months to evaluate the physicochemical properties. After standardizing the variables, the data were submitted to cluster analysis. For this, we use Euclidean distance and Ward's hierarchical method. Then defining the groups, we constructed a graph containing the dispersion of the values of the variables and their respective Pearson correlations for each group. The mathematical models proved suitable to describe the drying kinetics. Besides, the effective diffusivity obtained was 4.9 × 10–10 m2 s−1 promoting a volumetric shrinkage of the grains and influencing the reduction of physicochemical quality. It was observed that soybean harvested at 23% moisture, dried at 80 °C, and stored at a temperature below 23 °C maintained its oil content (25.89%), crude protein (35.69%), and lipid acidity (5.54 mL). In addition, it is to note that these correlations' magnitude was substantially more remarkable for the treatments allocated to the G2 group. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity was negatively correlated with all the physicochemical variables evaluated. Besides this, the correlation between crude protein and oil yield was positive and of high magnitude, regardless of the group formed. In conclusion, the early harvest of soybeans reduced losses in the field and increased the grain flow on the storage units. The low-temperature drying and the use of packaging technology close to environmental temperatures conserved the grain quality.

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The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the methods of ergonomics assessment RULA, REBA, OWAS and TOR-TOM, which the intent is to highlight similarities and differences in their use, during tillage operation with farm machinery. The study was conducted through an exploratory research in Boa Vista do Incra, RS, in August 2017, during soil preparation operation, with a tractor-subsoiler set. The operation was filmed over a period of 10 hours. After that, it was selected one hour of video, which was assumed to be representative, the video was analyzed by the methods RULA, REBA, OWAS and TOR-TOM through the software Ergolândia 5.0 and TOR-TOM, with the aid of information on noise, temperature and strength. For the comparative analyses, it was analyzed the ease of application, the importance of posture and complementary variables, and the scope of activity and postural factors. The OWAS method showed highlight in the ease of application, while the REBA and RULA methods stood out for the importance of the postural variables. For the importance of the complementary variables, RULA, followed by REBA, are worth mentioning as the most suitable. Similar results were obtained for the scope of posture factors, especially for these two methods. Regarding the scope of activity factors, the TOR-TOM obtained the most satisfactory results. Thus, the comparative analysis has highlighted the RULA method as the most suitable for postural analysis in agricultural machinery, besides the REBA method, for presenting very similar situations, contemplating full body analysis.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of aluminum (Al) on physiological and biochemical parameters of Luehea divaricata seedlings grown in a hydroponic system under greenhouse conditions to verify the possible tolerance to Al or phytoremediation potential of this species. Seeds of Luehea divaricata were placed to germinate in commercial substrate and after 30 days the seedlings were transferred to a hydroponic system with a complete nutrient solution, pH at 4.5±0.1, with daily adjustment. After 20 days of acclimatization, homogenous plants were selected and transferred to a new nutrient solution (without phosphorus (P) and pH at 4.5±0.1) with different concentrations of Al: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L -1 , each treatment being composed of 10 replicates of one plant each. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. After seven days of exposure to the treatments, plants were collected for physiological and biochemical analyzes. Aluminum promoted a significant reduction in fresh and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves; in plant height; leaf number; leaf area; and pigment content. On the other hand, Al promoted an increase in lipid peroxidation and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity. Therefore, the presence of Al in the growth medium, for the studied conditions, altered significantly both physiological and biochemical parameters in Luehea divaricata seedlings, presenting a sensitive behavior to this element. Due to these characteristics, the studied species does not show phytoremediation potential.

Desempenho operacional de smartphones em levantamentos planimétricos GNSS sobre coberturas vegetais de pastagem e Pinus elliottii EngelmOperational performance of smartphones in GNSS planimetric surveys on pasture coverages and Pinus Elliottii Engelm

O trator agrícola desempenha importante função no setor rural. Em concomitante, vem a segurança do operador na operação e no deslocamento dos tratores em vias de circulação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar as produções científicas sobre acidentes com tratores em vias públicas brasileiras. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura do período de 2012 a 2016, em recursos disponíveis on-line, sendo selecionadas 36 produções científicas. Por meio da análise, foi observado que mais de 50% do total dos acidentes com máquinas agrícolas ocorrem em vias públicas de circulação, com destaque para a colisão, observada em 77% das ocorrências. Quanto às regiões do país, Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram o maior número de acidentes. De modo geral, as publicações sobre acidentes em vias públicas no Brasil, voltadas para as máquinas e tratores agrícolas, mostraram-se incipientes e demonstram possibilidade de abrangência em rodovias estaduais e municipais. Ainda são necessárias políticas públicas voltadas para o problema, criando condições e mecanismos capazes de maximizar ações, visto que a falta de conhecimento e de informação sobre a operação segura do maquinário e sua relação com os acidentes é comum entre os operadores.

The study had as objective to evaluate occupational hazards on grain storage unit to define a conceptual model, implemented in an algorithm to manage the grains storage facilities safety standards compliance. Sampling points location were defined for static quantification of noise, dust and heat stress hazards in grains pre-processing operations to indicate the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. Safety standards applied to grain handling and storage facilities were identified and selected. Chart flows were elaborated to the algorithm logics and conceptual modeling. The highest level of noise was present in the grain cleaning operation (99.1 dB), while the expedition operation has the highest level of dust (20.27%). The heat stress was present in the grain drying operation (43.64 WBGT). Noise analysis did not show a difference between grains, only between operations. The flow of corn grain mass caused higher dust concentrations in the expedition operation. The method applied to characterize and quantify the hazards in grain storage units was satisfactory, and it is recommended as standard, for use in corn and soybean grains handling and storage units. The algorithm to manage occupational safety at storage facilities collaborates to monitor the safety compliance on postharvest operations.

IntroductionAgriculture stands out in relation to the high number of occupational incidents and diseases. In this sense, grains postharvest operations, such as receiving, precleaning, drying, storage and shipping the grains, are highlighted in the number of injuries and fatalities.AimTo identify and extract qualitative and quantitative data related to the main occupational hazards present in grains postharvest operations at preprocessing and storage facilities.MethodsA systematic review was carried out in the databases of Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science for papers published between 1980 and 2019. The abstract should have described a study related to any occupational hazard (physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and mechanical) and at least one of the occupational hazards should be related to any postharvest operations.Results and discussionsIn total, 42% of 38 analysed papers were published between 2015 and 2019. Three journals were responsible for 45% of publications related to occupational hazards present in grains postharvest operations. The most part of analysed publications related to confined spaces, grain entrapment, machine entanglement and falls hazards are related to Purdue University’s Agricultural Safety and Health Program which applied research in occupational safety at grains postharvest.ConclusionsThe creation of standardised internationals can collaborate to reduce occupational risks in grain storage units. It is suggested the development of monitoring technologies to obtain real-time information on noise, dust, gases and heat in postharvest operations and equipment. The use of intelligent algorithms can create prevention mechanisms for possible occupational risks and avoid injuries to employees.