Two field experiments were conduct at Sakha Agric Res. Station , Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. The objectives of this study aimed to study effect of three nitrogen levels (75 , 90 and 105 kg N /fad) and two nitrogen sources (ammonia gas 82 % and urea 46 % N) on yield and quality of sugar beet under environmental conditions of Nile Delta region. The main findings could be summarized as follows: Application of nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 105 kg N / fad in the form of ammonia gas by 6 days before sowing gave the highest values of chastises i.e root, sugar and top yields as well as top/root ratio, Na, K ,-amino nitrogen content and sugar loss in molasses in both seasons .On the contrary , sucrose , purity , sugar extractable , extractability percentages and alkaline coefficient recorded the lowest values in both seasons. Application of ammonia as a source of N significantly increased, root and sugar yields, sucrose and purity % as well as sugar extractable and extractability % and alkaline coefficient. Generally, it could be concluded that application of ammonia gas at 6 days before sowing for late sowing at the end of October gave the highest root yield and quality for sugar beet compared that fertilized by urea which applied late after sowing as another nitrogen source.
Two field experiments were planted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons in the experimental farm of Sugar Crops Research Institute at sakha kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Split plot design was used in both seasons, main plots were contained nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels (75, 90 kg N and 24, 48 kg K2O and combinations between them). Whereas, four plant distribution patterns were distributed in sub-plots (20 x 50 cm, 15 x 66 cm, 25 x 40 cm and 30 x 33 cm). Results obtained indicated that maximum root fresh weight, root and sugar yields were obtained when sugar beet was fertilized with high nitrogen and potassium levels (90 kg N and 48 kg K2O/fed) and gave (2.430, 2.520 kg/plant; 36.41, 37.13 ton/fed and 6.47, 6.63 ton/fed) in both seasons, respectively. Whereas, the highest sucrose and total soluble solids and purity percentages were obtained with the lowest nitrogen level (75 kg N/fed.) and with the highest K levels (48 kg/fed.). On the other direction, all these best results were obtained with plant distribution patterns (20 x 50 cm), the space between hills and between ridges. These were true in both seasons. The highest nitrogen and potassium levels surprised the other levels because nitrogen and potassium encourage vegetative growth and increased sucrose accumulation in cells, whereas, patterns (20 x 50 cm) gave good growth by good leaf area which resulted from giving a good chance to plant to take sufficient sunlight which produced maximum carbohydrates and accumulation sucrose in roots.
The present study was conducted on clay soil at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center during 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons. The aim of this investigation was to find out the optimum plant population density and the suitable time of sowing for sugar beet. A spilt-plot experimental design was used with in three replication. The main results could be summarized as follows :The results indicated that early sowing in October 10 produced the highest significant root yield, top yield, sugar yield/fad, root size, sucrose content and total soluble solids as compared with late sowing in November 25, in both seasons.Although, the yields of roots and sugar per faddan were not affected when plant population ranged from 26250 to 52500 plants per faddan, however, it decreased significantly when the plant population was recorded to 26250 and 29400 plants per faddan over the two seasons.Increasing hills spacing from 16, 20, 24, 28 to 32 cm significantly increased root diameter TSS% and significantly decreased top yield per fad. and purity percentage in both seasons. The combined results clearly showed that sowing at 16 or 20 cm hills pacing recorded highest root and sugar yield per fad.
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