seasons to study the effect of planting systems (manual sowing and mechanical transplanting), plant densities (46000, 35000 and 28000 plants/fed) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (40, 60 and 80 kg N/fed) on yield and its components as well as quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. Plino. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1-Mechanical transplanting system of sugar beet significantly surpassed the traditional sowing method (manual) in all studied characters and resulted in the highest values in both seasons. 2-Sowing sugar beet plants with low density (28000 plants/fed) recorded the highest values of root length and diameter, root and top fresh weights and TSS % in both seasons. While, sowing sugar beet plants with high density (46000 plants/fed) resulted in the highest values of sucrose and apparent purity percentages in both seasons. However, the highest yields of root and sugar were achieved as a result of sowing sugar beet with intermediate density (35000 plants/fed) in both seasons. 3-Fertilizing sugar beet plants with 80 kg N/fed significantly increased yields and its components as well as TSS % and markedly recorded the highest values in both seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer at the level of 60 kg N/fed produced the highest values of sucrose and apparent juice purity percentages in both seasons. From the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that sowing sugar beet using mechanical transplanting system with intermediate density (35000 plants/fed) and mineral fertilizing with 80 kg N/fed could be recommended in order to maximize its productivity and quality under the environmental conditions of Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.

Two field experiments were carried out at Kafr El-Hamam Research Station, Zagazig district, Sharkia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of biofertilization treatments (control, microbin, rhizobacterin, phosphorin and their interactions) and mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/fed) on yield and quality of sugar beet cv. Plino. The main findings of this investigation could be summarized as follows: 1-Application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin+ Phosphorien produced the highest values of all studied characters in both growing seasons as compared with using each bio-fertilizer alone. It was followed by application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin then application the mixture of Rhizobacterin + Phosphorien in the two growing seasons. 2-Fertilizing sugar beet plants with 120 kg N/fed produced the highest values of root length and diameter, root and foliage fresh weights, TSS %, root and sugar yields/fed in the two seasons. However, the highest means of sucrose % and apparent purity % were resulted from control treatment (0 kg N/fed) in the two growing seasons. 3-The interaction between both studied factors had a significant effect on all studied characters in the two growing seasons. Generally, it could be concluded that application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin + Phosphorien as biofertilizers and adding 120 kg N/fed as a mineral fertilization for maximizing sugar beet productivity under the environmental conditions of Zagazig district,.

In order to study the effect of foliar spraying times and levels of yeast extract and boron on productivity and quality of sugar beet cv. Hossam, a field experiment was carried out at Kalabsho Experimental Farm (sandy soil), Dakahlia Governorate, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, in two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Two experiment trails were laid-out in strip-split plot design with four replications. The vertical-plots were assigned with times of foliar application with yeast extract and boron (after 75 and 90 days from sowing). The horizontal-plots were occupied with foliar spraying with yeast extract levels i.e. without spraying (control treatment), spraying with 2, 4 and 6 g yeast/liter. The sub-plots were allocated to foliar spraying with boron levels (control, 100 and 200 mg boron/liter). The results showed that delaying spraying sugar beet plants with yeast extract and boron from 75 up to 90 days from sowing resulted in gradual and significant increases and recorded the highest value for each of root and top fresh and dry weights/plant, root dimensions, purity and sucrose percentages, root and sugar yields/fad., as well as the decrease in the values of sodium, potassium and α-amino nitrogen percentages of sugar beet juice. The best results of yield components, root juice quality parameters and yields were resulted from foliar spraying sugar beet plants with yeast extract at the rate of 6 g/liter in both seasons. The highest values of all aforementioned yield components, root juice quality parameters and yields were obtained as a result of spraying sugar beet plants with 200 mg boron/liter in both seasons. It can be recommended that spraying sugar beet plants after 90 days from sowing with 6 g yeast extract and 200 mg boron/liter to maximize sugar beet productivity and quality under the environmental conditions of sandy soils.

Two field experiments were planted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons in the experimental farm of Sugar Crops Research Institute at sakha kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Split plot design was used in both seasons, main plots were contained nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels (75, 90 kg N and 24, 48 kg K2O and combinations between them). Whereas, four plant distribution patterns were distributed in sub-plots (20 x 50 cm, 15 x 66 cm, 25 x 40 cm and 30 x 33 cm). Results obtained indicated that maximum root fresh weight, root and sugar yields were obtained when sugar beet was fertilized with high nitrogen and potassium levels (90 kg N and 48 kg K2O/fed) and gave (2.430, 2.520 kg/plant; 36.41, 37.13 ton/fed and 6.47, 6.63 ton/fed) in both seasons, respectively. Whereas, the highest sucrose and total soluble solids and purity percentages were obtained with the lowest nitrogen level (75 kg N/fed.) and with the highest K levels (48 kg/fed.). On the other direction, all these best results were obtained with plant distribution patterns (20 x 50 cm), the space between hills and between ridges. These were true in both seasons. The highest nitrogen and potassium levels surprised the other levels because nitrogen and potassium encourage vegetative growth and increased sucrose accumulation in cells, whereas, patterns (20 x 50 cm) gave good growth by good leaf area which resulted from giving a good chance to plant to take sufficient sunlight which produced maximum carbohydrates and accumulation sucrose in roots.

The aim of this research is to study the influence of sowing models (one side of ridges, 60 cm apart, 15 cm between hills and both sides of terraces, 90 cm apart, 20 cm between hills), nitrogen fertilizer levels (70, 90 and 110 kg N/fad.) and biofertilization treatments (treate soil with Cerialin, Rhizobacterin and the mixture of Cerialin and Rhizobacterin) on yield and quality of sugar beet, Karam cultivar under sandy soil conditions. Two field experiment were carried out at Kalabsho Experimental Farm, Dakahlia Governorate, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. The experiments were carried out in splitsplit plot design with four replications. The main plots were assigned to sowing models. The sub-plots were occupied with nitrogen fertilizer levels. While, the sub-sub plots were allocated with biofertilization treatments. The obtained results showed that sowing sugar beet in both sides of terraces, 90 cm apart, at 20 cm between hills attained the highest values of yield components, most of root juice quality parameters and yields, followed by sowing in one side of ridges, 60 cm apart, at 15 cm between hills in both seasons. The highest value for each of yield components, most of root juice quality parameters and yields were produced from fertilizing beet plants with 110 kg N/fad in both seasons. However, application of 90 kg N/fad., induced the highest value of sugar yield and the second best value for each of yield components, root juice quality parameters, top and root yields without significant differences between them in most cases in both growing seasons. Application the mixture of Cerialin and Rhizobacterin produced the highest value for each of yield components, most of root juice quality parameters and yields in the two seasons. It can be concluded that sowing sugar beet in both sides of terraces, 90 cm apart, at 20 cm between hills and treat soil with the mixture of Cerialin + Rhizobacterin (225 g/fad., of each) biofertilizers in addition of mineral fertilizing with 90 kg N/fad., to improve productivity and quality of sugar beet under sandy soil conditions.

Two field experiments were carried out at EL-Serw Agricultural Station Dommiata Governorate North East Delta during the seasons of 2006//2007 and 2007/2008 to study the effect of foliar treatments with urea at concentration of (0,1%,2%) and GA3 at concentration of (0,100,200ppm) on yield and quality of sugar beet cv. Sultany. The important results could be summarized as follows: 1-Foliar application with urea at concentration of 1% and 2% significantly increased root length, TSS% in the first season , also increased root diameter ,root fresh weight and sucrose % in the second season ,root and sugar yields in both seasons. 2-GA3 at 200ppm gave the highest significant results of root length in the first season ,root diameter ,root fresh weight ,purity % in the second season,also increased sucrose %,root and sugar yields in both seasons. 3-Interaction effect between urea foliar solution and GA3 was significant on sucrose %,TSS%, ,root fresh weigh in the second season and insignificant effect on root diameter ,root length,purity% and root and sugar yields in both seasons.

Two field experiments were carried out during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter seasons to evaluate the effect of some non-traditional methods for weed control which are being (mulching by rice straw and burning has been carried after ridging and directly before sowing) on growth, yield and juice quality as well as associated weeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) grown in salinity soil condition at El-Serw Research Station. The most important results obtained could be summarized as follows:-All weed control treatments reduced significantly fresh weight (g/m 2) of broad-leaf, grassy and total weeds growth which associated with sugar beet plants, dry weight and total of sugar beet weeds as compared to the unweeded check.-Two hoeing with mulching was the most effective on controlling weeds (91.1-92.2%) followed by one hoeing with mulching (85.9-86.5%) and burning with two hoeing (82.8-84.2%), respectively.-Application of two hoeing improved drastically the efficiency of the mulching and burning in controlling sugar beet weeds when compared with other treatments.-The results show that two hoeing with mulching resulted in good control of total weeds after 120 days from sowing (DAS).-All growth criteria i.e., plant height (cm), leaves number/plant, root/top ratio and root characters responded significantly to two hoeing with mulching followed by one hoeing with mulching and burning with two hoeing , respectively, as compared with the untreated treatment.-Concerning the effect of weed control methods treatments on yield components of sugar beet plants, corresponding data cleared that two hoeing with mulching gave the highest values of tops, roots, biological and sugar yields.-Application of hoeing with mulching or burning caused significant increases in values of juice quality parameters i.e., sucrose and purity % as compared with the untreated treatment.-Generally, it can be concluded that application of two or one hoeing with mulching of rice straw and burning with two hoeing were the recommended treatments for obtaining the highest growth, yield and juice quality of sugar beet plants as well as significant reduction in total weeds under salinity lands condition at El-Serw. This study suggest that non traditional weed control by mulching or burning can be used in compatible manner with mechanical hoeing in integrated weed strategy in sugar beet.

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