Two field experiments were conducted during successive seasons of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station to study the effect of herbicides and urea as an additive to herbicides on wheat, NPK uptake, photosynthetic pigments and associated weeds. The results indicated that using the recommended rate of herbicides, (isoproturon + diflufenican) at 300g a.i./fed. for control total annual weeds, tribenuron-methyl at 6.0g a.i/fed. for control broad-leaved weeds and clodinafop propargyl at 21g a.i./fed for control grassy weeds as applied alone post-emergence as well as hand weeding twice, gave excellent weed control (93.6, 68.0, 45.9 and 93.6 %), respectively. While, the same herbicides when applied at moderate rate (isoproturon + diflufenican) at 244.5g a.i./fed, tribenuron-methyl at 4.5g a.i /fed and clodinafop propargyl at 15.75g a.i/fed) mixing with 1% urea increased the herbicides efficiency in controlling the annual weeds by about (90.2, 65.9 and 44.5 %). Mixing 1% urea with the same herbicides at low rate (isoproturon + diflufenican at 165g a.i/fed, tribenuron-methyl at 3.0g a.i/fed and clodinafop propargyl at 10.5g a.i/fed) gave poor weed control and were significantly less efficient than the other treatments at the first survey in the first season. Hand weeding treatment, (isoproturon + diflufenican), tribenuron-methyl and clodinafop propargyl at high rate, alone as post-emergence as well as the same herbicides at moderate rate plus 1% urea had higher efficiency in controlling annual weeds and increased the plant height, spike length, weight of grains/ spike, number of grains/spike, straw yield (ton/fed) and grains yield (Ardab/fed), compared with the other treatments used. All herbicidal treatments as well as hand weeding treatment increased protein, phosphors, potassium and carbohydrate percentages and their uptake kg/fed in wheat grains over control treatment. Data also, cleared that all herbicides treatments slightly decreased chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and; increased carotene content. From results of correlation analysis the fresh weight of total weeds, grassy weeds and broad-leaved weeds biomass were negative correlated with wheat yield. Grassy weeds were more aggressive in their competitiveness effect than broad-leaved weeds on wheat yield and its components. These results indicated that under heavy infested with annual weeds, it is possible to apply herbicides i.e.(isoproturon + diflufenican) for annual weeds control, tribenuronmethyl for broad-leaved weeds control and clodinafop propargyl for grassy weeds control at high rate alone or same herbicides at moderate rates mixed with 1% urea. These findings revealed obviously that such weed control measure can minimize weed /wheat competition and consequently gave the highest reduction in weeds and increase wheat yield and its components.
Two field experiments were carried out during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter seasons to evaluate the effect of some non-traditional methods for weed control which are being (mulching by rice straw and burning has been carried after ridging and directly before sowing) on growth, yield and juice quality as well as associated weeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris, L.) grown in salinity soil condition at El-Serw Research Station. The most important results obtained could be summarized as follows:-All weed control treatments reduced significantly fresh weight (g/m 2) of broad-leaf, grassy and total weeds growth which associated with sugar beet plants, dry weight and total of sugar beet weeds as compared to the unweeded check.-Two hoeing with mulching was the most effective on controlling weeds (91.1-92.2%) followed by one hoeing with mulching (85.9-86.5%) and burning with two hoeing (82.8-84.2%), respectively.-Application of two hoeing improved drastically the efficiency of the mulching and burning in controlling sugar beet weeds when compared with other treatments.-The results show that two hoeing with mulching resulted in good control of total weeds after 120 days from sowing (DAS).-All growth criteria i.e., plant height (cm), leaves number/plant, root/top ratio and root characters responded significantly to two hoeing with mulching followed by one hoeing with mulching and burning with two hoeing , respectively, as compared with the untreated treatment.-Concerning the effect of weed control methods treatments on yield components of sugar beet plants, corresponding data cleared that two hoeing with mulching gave the highest values of tops, roots, biological and sugar yields.-Application of hoeing with mulching or burning caused significant increases in values of juice quality parameters i.e., sucrose and purity % as compared with the untreated treatment.-Generally, it can be concluded that application of two or one hoeing with mulching of rice straw and burning with two hoeing were the recommended treatments for obtaining the highest growth, yield and juice quality of sugar beet plants as well as significant reduction in total weeds under salinity lands condition at El-Serw. This study suggest that non traditional weed control by mulching or burning can be used in compatible manner with mechanical hoeing in integrated weed strategy in sugar beet.
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