Pesticide exposure in the soil is indicated to affect soil fertility as well as nutrient uptake by the plant due to its active ingredient that can affect soil sorption. This research focused on organic matter effect on soil fertility (pH, organic-C, N, P, K) in the soil under several doses of pesticide exposure as well as nutrients (N, P, K) uptake by the green mustard plant. Treatments consisted of control, d and four doses of pesticide application (50%, 100%, 150%, 200% of recommendation dose), four doses of pesticide application combined with two doses of manure application (0 and 2 t ha-1). Soil pH, organic C, N, P, and K were measured before treatments and after harvest. Nutrients uptake (N, P, K) and yield of green mustard were measured at harvest. Results of the study showed that the exposure of pesticide in soil reduced the yield of green mustard by 40% compared to control. Nutrients (N, P, K) uptake by plant decreased by 72%, 92%, dan 78% compared to control in soil with exposure of 0,2 ml pesticide 500 ml-1 water even though with the addition of organic matter.
Nutmeg (Myristica spp.) is a high economic value spice crops which is spread on the whole area of Ternate Island, North Maluku province. Nutmeg is generally cultivated using agroforestry system with many varieties of populations and species which is supposed to influence the characteristics of nutmeg plants and micro climate. Thus, understanding the plant characteristics and microclimate of nutmeg plantation using agroforestry system is very important. Nutmeg plantation using agroforestry system is a mix between nutmeg as the main crop with other crops such as cloves, coconut and others. The focus of this research is to understand the characteristics of nutmeg, especially crop production components which cover the number and weight of seeds, microclimate as well as variations of population and diversity. This research employed observation method in which the sample was purposively set as many as 30 plants, using point-centered quarter sampling method. The results showed that agroforestry system affect the characteristics of nutmeg plants and the microclimate. The optimum plant population of 200 plants ha-1 with diversity of 1.38, had higher number and seed weight target -1 than the population of 100 plants ha -1 with diversity of 0.78 or population of 300 plants ha -1 with diversity of 0.82.
Low crop production is acid dryland area of South Sulawesi is due to low availability of P in the soils. One of alternatives that can be performed to overcome the problems of acid soils having high level of exchangeable Al, is through the addition of organic material. In the upland areas in South Sulawesi, crop rice, maize and groundnut crop residues are readily available, but the crop residues are generally only used as animal feed or even burned. This study was aimed to elucidate the effects of groundnut compost on P uptake by maize in Ultisol of Moncongloe, South Sulawesi. Eight kilograms of air dried soil was mixed with compost according to the following treatments; 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 t compost/ha. All pots received 200 kg/ha KCl and 300 kg Urea/ha as basal fertilizers. Two maize seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to one plant per pot after one week. At harvest maize shoot dry weight and maize root dry weight, length of maize cop, cob weight, cob diameter, weight grains per cob, P uptake by maize, P content in maize grain, soil available P were measured. Results of the study showed that groundnut compost has the ability to improve the availability of P in the soil and increase P uptake by maize grown on an Ultisol of South Sulawesi. Application of 25 t groundnut compost/ha was the optimal rate that can be used to increase P availability in an Ultisol of South Sulawesi.
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