Background: Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may serve as a marker of metabolic syndrome. We (a) measured its level in persons with diabetes mellitus, (b) constructed a family tree of the enzyme using nucleotide sequences downloaded from NCBI. Butyrylcholinesterase was estimated colorimetrically using a commercially available kit (Randox Lab, UK). Phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance method (Fitch and Margoliash method) and by maximum parsimony method.Results: There was a negative correlation between serum total cholesterol and butyrylcholinesterase (-0.407; p < 0.05) and between serum LDL cholesterol and butyrylcholinesterase (-0.435; p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation among the other biochemical parameters. In the evolutionary tree construction both methods gave similar trees, except for an inversion in the position of Sus scrofa (M62778) and Oryctolagus cuniculus (M62779) between Fitch and Margoliash, and maximum parsimony methods. Conclusion:The level of butyrylcholinesterase enzyme was inversely related to serum cholesterol; dendrogram showed that the structures from evolutionarily close species were placed near each other.

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Background: Incidence of Rh negativity in India ranges from 3-5.7%. Rh negative pregnancy not only poses risk to mother but in the fetus, may lead to dreaded complication like hemolysis and intrauterine fetal demise. However, the advance management and early detection of the condition can prevent the complication. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Rh negative pregnancy in our population, to study the various maternal and fetal complications. Materials and methods: A retrospective review from the medical records over a period of 5years, between January 2012 to December 2016 years, conducted in ESIC medical college and hospital, Bangalore. Maternal geographical data and characteristic were collected like, antibody type, antibody titer. Perinatal and neonatal outcome were also collected like the mean gestation age of birth, birth weight, need of NICU care etc. Results: A total of 528number of women were included in the study. The prevalence of the Rh negative pregnancy was found to be 2.9%. The most common blood group among the Rh negative women was O negative. 9(1.7%) of women was found to have a significant antibody titer, whereas Doppler changes indicating fetal anemia was noted in 3(0.5%). The commonest neonatal complication was jaundice 44(8.33%). 2(0.3%) cases had neonatal anemia required a postnatal blood transfusion. Conclusion: Routine antenatal screening and timely management with intrauterine transfusion are lifesaving method which should be incorporated in daily Obsterstrics practice.

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine disorders in pregnant women after diabetes mellitus. Several changes are observed in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and failure to adapt to these physiological changes results in thyroid dysfunction. It is well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effect on mother and the fetus, like miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia, polihydromnios, placental abruption, post-partum haemorrhage, low birth weight, neonatal hypothyroidism. Decreased availability of thyroid hormones may also impair neurological and intellectual development of foetus. With this background, we are conducting a study to know the effect of thyroid disorders on pregnancy and its maternal and the fetal outcome.Methods: The present study was conducted in ESI Hospital Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore. It is a prospective study which involved 100 patients diagnosed to have thyroid disorder during their antenatal checkup in the first trimister. It also includes known cases of thyroid disorder. TSH level was estimated. If it is deranged, then FT3 and FT4 levels estimated. Patients were managed accordingly and followed till delivery. Their obstetric and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: In our study out of 100 cases, 96 cases are subclinical hypohyroid and 4 cases are subclinical hyperthyroid. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy are associated with abortions (2.1%), Anaemia (4.20%), PIH (14.7%), GDM (4.2%), Preterm labour (3.1%), oligohydromnios (16.67%), Lscs (22.9%), PPH (6.3%), LBW (21.9%), Hyperbilirubinemia (9.4%), NICU admission (14.6%), Which are co-relatine with other studies and hyperthyroid cases in our study were not sufficient for outcome analysis.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy have adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

Aim: To study the risk factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage. Methodology: Woman with postpartum hemorrhage in the past 3 years from 2015 to 2017 were included in the study. Retrospective data were collected from medical records regarding age, parity, associated risk factors and the mode of management. Results: One hundred forty two (142) women with postpartum hemorrhage were included in the study, and we found that majority of the women were primiparous, in the age group of 25 to 29 years, and, pre-existing anaemia was seen in 11%, PROM in 16%, hypothyroidism in 20% were found as risk factors and 19% of the woman underwent secondary LSCS. Conclusion: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an emergency faced by an obstetrician. It complicates about 3.6% of all deliveries. It is a potential life-threatening complication of 3rd stage of labour.