Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Rhesus Positive Women in a Tertiary Care Center

Abstract

Background: Incidence of Rh negativity in India ranges from 3-5.7%. Rh negative pregnancy not only poses risk to mother but in the fetus, may lead to dreaded complication like hemolysis and intrauterine fetal demise. However, the advance management and early detection of the condition can prevent the complication. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Rh negative pregnancy in our population, to study the various maternal and fetal complications. Materials and methods: A retrospective review from the medical records over a period of 5years, between January 2012 to December 2016 years, conducted in ESIC medical college and hospital, Bangalore. Maternal geographical data and characteristic were collected like, antibody type, antibody titer. Perinatal and neonatal outcome were also collected like the mean gestation age of birth, birth weight, need of NICU care etc. Results: A total of 528number of women were included in the study. The prevalence of the Rh negative pregnancy was found to be 2.9%. The most common blood group among the Rh negative women was O negative. 9(1.7%) of women was found to have a significant antibody titer, whereas Doppler changes indicating fetal anemia was noted in 3(0.5%). The commonest neonatal complication was jaundice 44(8.33%). 2(0.3%) cases had neonatal anemia required a postnatal blood transfusion. Conclusion: Routine antenatal screening and timely management with intrauterine transfusion are lifesaving method which should be incorporated in daily Obsterstrics practice.

Maternal and perinatal outcome in Rh negative mothers

“…In our study the incidence of Rh-negative pregnancy was 2.9 % which is similar to the national average of 3% to 5%. Which was comparable to the study done by [9][10][11][12][13] The prevalence in our study was higher than other studies because our center is tertiary referral center. In Table 2, our study was comparable according to parity, Agarwal et al who found 38.4% primigravida 33.6% second gravid 20% third gravid and 8% were multigravida.…”

Rhesus Negativity Prevalence and Neonatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women Delivered at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, West Guji Zone, South Ethiopia

“…This finding agreed with a study from Bangalore India reporting that the most common blood group among Rh-negative women was O-negative. 34 However, this finding was lower than that previously reported from India, blood group B 33.96% and blood group O 32.62%, but much higher than blood group A and AB reported 24.35% and 9.05%, respectively. 31 The difference could be due to blood group O being the predominant blood group among the African population compared to other continents.…”

“…35 The current finding is higher than that of a study performed in Bangalore India, which reported 8.33%. 34 On the other hand, the result of the study was much lower than that of neonatal jaundice, which was 37.2% in Rajavithi Hospital. 33 In hospital medical records, the absence of different risk factors may contribute to the appearance of jaundice, such as ABO incompatibility, obstructive jaundice or physiologic jaundice; hence, it is difficult to assess the causes of neonatal jaundice.…”

“…17 However, this finding was higher than those of studies conducted in Nigeria, where 5.5% women were Rh D-negative, 30 4.29% in India, 31 1.68% in Nepal, 32 0.31% from Rajavithi Hospital, 33 and 2.9% in Bangalore India. 34 The variations among the studies might be due to the difference in sample size, laboratory method applied for Rh-negative determination, and difference in ethnicity.…”

Effect of Rhesus factor incompatibility on maternal outcome (fertility): A comprehensive review

“…To overcome such fetal danger, anti-D injection is required for the mother within 72 hours after the first delivery. The anti-D injection will help the mother to get rid of any blood that has leaked from the first fetus during childbirth so that her blood will not produce antibodies, which could affect the next pregnancy [20][21][22][23][24].…”