It is critical to
modulate the Fermi level of graphene for the
development of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Here, we have demonstrated the modulation of the Fermi level of chemical
vapor deposition (CVD)-grown monolayer graphene (MLG) via doping with
nanoparticles to macromolecules such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles
(TiO
2
NPs), nitric acid (HNO
3
), octadecyltrimethoxysilane
(OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene
sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The electronic properties of pristine and doped
graphene samples were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical
transport measurements. The right shifting of G and 2D peaks and reduction
in 2D to G peak intensity ratio (
I
2D
/
I
G
) assured that the dopants induced a p-type
doping effect. Upon doping, the shifting of the Dirac point towards
positive voltage validates the increment of the hole concentration
in graphene and thus downward shift of the Fermi level. More importantly,
the combination of HNO
3
/TiO
2
NP doping on graphene
yields a substantially larger change in the Fermi level of MLG. Our
study may be useful for the development of graphene-based high-performance
flexible electronic devices.
Single Electron Transistor (SET) is an advanced technology for future low power VLSI devices. SET has high integration density and a low power consumption device. While building logic circuits that comprise only of SETs, it is observed that the gate voltage at the input must be higher than the power supply of SET for better switching characteristics. This limitation of SET in the power and gate supply voltages makes it practically inappropriate to build circuits. An approach to overcome this problem, hybridization of SET and CMOS transistor is implemented. In this paper, different types of hybrid SET-MOS circuits are designed such as inverter and NAND gate and by using above two circuits, 2:4 hybrid SET-MOS decoder is designed and implemented. All the circuits are verified by means of PSpice simulation software version 16.5.
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