The Callitrichidae contains four genera that embrace up to 50 species and subspecies found in neotropical habitats. Certain members have either naturally occurring or induced conditions that serve as important models of human disease. They include viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, nutritional deficiencies, neoplasia, and various other conditions. The spontaneous diseases of captive callitrichids and those to which these species are experimentally susceptible were reviewed.

Recent investigation hasshown that sodium excretion is greater following portal venous infusion of 5% sodium chloride (w/v) than after systemic infusion in anaesthetized dogs. It was suggested that a factor of hepatic origin which is capable of depressing renal tubular reabsorption may be involved in this response. The present experiments were undertaken to determine the renal responses of conscious, unanaesthetized dogs to infusions of 5 % NaCl administered systemically and by the portal venous routes.2. No differences were observed in urine flow or sodium excretion rates in normal dogs when responses to the two routes of NaCl infusion were compared; potassium excretion was elevated following systemic as compared to portal NaCl infusion (P <0.05). Urine flow was significantly greater (P ~0 . 0 5 ) in vasopressin and mineralocorticoid treated dogs following portal infusion of 5% NaCl, but no differences in electrolyte excretion were observed between routes of administration.3. These findings are not compatible with the concept that a natriuretic factor is released from the liver consequent to elevation of portal venous sodium concentration in the conscious dog.The observed increase in sodium excretion following intravenous or oral administration of NaCl is thought to be the result of decreased sodium reabsorption by the proximal renal tubule. While increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and filtered sodium and decreases in aldosterone and angiotensin may occur, they are not necessarily related to the enhanced sodium excretion under these conditions (De Wardener, Mills, Clapham & Hayter, 1961 ;

No abstract

Abstract— A nephroblastoma of the right kidney was observed in a young male cat. The affected kidney and a portion of the vena cava was surgically removed. After failure to establish a patent caval‐portal shunt, it was found that the vertebral vein system functioned as a bypass for caval blood flow. Metastatic tumor which became apparent in the lungs and peritoneum five and eight months after ablation of the primary tumor was removed by excision biopsy. Résumé—Un néphoroblastome du rein droit a été observé chez un jeune chat mâle. Le rein malade et une partie de la vena cava ont été enlevé chirurgicalement. Après un échec pour établir une anastomose caval‐portal pérméable, on a trouvé que le système veineux vertébral fonctionnait comme un court‐circuit pour le sang de la veine cave. Une tumeur métastatique apparue dans les poumons et le péritoine 5 et 8 mois après l'ablation de la tumeur a été enlevée par une biopsie d'exérèse. Zusammenfassung— Ein Nephroblastom der rechten Niere wurde bei einem jungen Kater fest‐gestellt. Die befallene Niere und ein Teil der Vena cava wurden chirurgisch entfernt. AIs es nicht gelungen war, eine offene Cava‐Porta‐Verbindung herzustellen, wurde festgestellt, dass das vertebrale Venensystem als Umgehung des Cavawegs diente. Metastatische Tumoren, die in den Lungen und im Peritoneum fünf und acht Monate nach der Entfernung des primären Tumors auftraten, wurden durch Excisionbiopsie entfernt.

No abstract

Stevens CW, Pezalla PD. 1989. Endogenous opioid system down-regulation during hibernation in amphibians. Brain Res 494:227-231. Stoskopf MK. 1994. Pain and analgesia in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 35(2):775-780. Strain GM, Tucker TA, Graham MC, O'Malley NA. 1987. Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the alligator: Effects of temperature and hypoxia. Electronencephal Clin Neurophysiol 67:68-76. Walker JM, Berger RJ. 1973. A polygraphic study of the tortoise (Testudo denticulata), absence of electrophysiological signs of sleep. Brain Behav Evol 8:453-467. Wang R, Kubie JL, Halpern M. 1977. Brevital sodium: An effective anesthetic agent for performing surgery on small reptiles. Copeia N4:738-743.

The authors answer eight questions commonly asked of the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare concerning Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care of Use of Laboratory Animals.

No abstract