The aim of the study is to study and analyze the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the soil of the cotton growing zone. The results of determining the relief of cotton fields, physical, mechanical and technological properties of takyr soils and gray soils, and the most common in areas of cotton cultivation are presented. It was found that before plowing, cotton fields have a pronounced uneven relief, characterized by the presence of ridges and irrigation furrows. The average height of the ridges in fields with row spacing of 90 and 60 cm is 17.1 and 12.8 cm, respectively. The physical-mechanical and technological properties of the soil of the arable and sub-arable layer of a cotton field along the track of wheels differ significantly from the soil between rows without a track of wheels and a ridge: the density of the soil along the track of the wheels of light gray soils reaches 1.78 g/cm3, and of takyr soils - 1.51 g/cm3, which is respectively more than the density of the ridge soil by 0.24 and 0.16 g/cm3; the resistance of light gray soils to shear is 1.4 and 1.2 times greater than to rupture and torsion, and takyr soils - 1.33 and 1.15 times, respectively; density, hardness and resistance of the soil to various deformations has a maximum value in layers of 15-25 cm along the track of the tractor wheels.
The combined machine allows qualitatively preparing the soil for sowing melon crops with minimum energy consumption. The efficiency of the combined machine depends on the type, location of the tiller relative to the body, and its parameters. The purpose of the study is to justify the type and parameters of the tiller combination machine to prepare the soil for sowing melon crops. In researches methods of classical mechanics are applied. The construction of the combined machine with soil cultivators is given. Based on the theory of soil destruction wedge determined the main parameters of the soil tinker. Experimental research of different types of soil cultivators is carried out. it is established that at the performance of soil cultivator of the combined unit in the form of a three-sided wedge with an inclined stand, the minimum longitudinal distance from a ploughshare of the case to soil cultivator is 52.7 cm, transverse distance from the field cut of the hull to the tiller bit is 15 cm, width and length of the tiller bit is 5 and 14 cm respectively, cutting angle of the bit is 18 degrees, quality crushing of sub-powder soil layers with minimum energy consumption is provided.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a two-tier plow for plowing soil from under cotton. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. The effects of the cotton field relief on the tillage and traction resistance of a two-tier plow were studied theoretically and experimentally. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the uniformity of the course, the load of the bodies and the center of resistance of the plow, depending on its main parameters and the roughness of the relief of the cotton field. It is established that serial two-tier plows, due to the discrepancy between their width of the gripper and the width of the row spacing, do not meet the requirements of agricultural technology: the plowing depth is not stable, the coefficient of variation of the plowing depth reaches 16% for a trailed plow, and for a mounted plow - 25.8%; the transverse direction of the plough the bottom of the furrow turns out to be stepped; the value of the traction resistance changes at each pass of the plow. To improve the quality of plowing fields from under cotton, a new plowing method has been developed, carried out by a two-tier plow, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the row spacing of cotton. The width of the plow bodies is equal to half the width of the row spacing.
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the technology and parameters of the “paraplau” type soil dredger for a two-tier plow. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Sub-tillage loosening of the most compacted layers of the soil of the fields from under the cotton must be carried out in a strip way along the line of the middle of the irrigation furrows between the rows. It is established that for the implementation of strip loosening of the subarable soil layers of fields from under cotton, the width of the two-tier plow should be a multiple of the width of the row spacing. At the same time, for loosening the compacted subsurface layers of the middle of the row spacing of cotton with one working body, the soil dredgers are installed behind each even lower body in the plane of the field edges of the odd bodies. In the case of subtillage loosening of the middle of the row spacing by two soil dredgers with an inclined stand, one soil dredger is installed behind each lower body. An analytical relationship is obtained to justify the relative position of the plow bodies and the soil dredgers, as well as their parameters. Experimental studies have established that the resistivity of a two-tier plow decreases (in comparison with continuous loosening) when the most compacted layers of the middle of the row are loosened with a pointed paw by 17.56%, two soil dredgers with inclined posts by 24.04%, and one soil dredger with an inclined post by 23.24%.
The article deals with the issues of the state of soil fertility in the serozem and desert zones of the Republic of Uzbekistan, provides the results of research on the application of agricultural technology aimed at improving the basic properties of the soil, enriching it with organic matter and plant nutrients, and increasing the productivity of cotton crops. The developed and applied agricultural technologies for improving the properties of soils in the serozem zone and modifying them for soils in the desert zone, as well as for soils subject to secondary salinization, are described.
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