The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a two-tier plow for plowing soil from under cotton. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. The effects of the cotton field relief on the tillage and traction resistance of a two-tier plow were studied theoretically and experimentally. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the uniformity of the course, the load of the bodies and the center of resistance of the plow, depending on its main parameters and the roughness of the relief of the cotton field. It is established that serial two-tier plows, due to the discrepancy between their width of the gripper and the width of the row spacing, do not meet the requirements of agricultural technology: the plowing depth is not stable, the coefficient of variation of the plowing depth reaches 16% for a trailed plow, and for a mounted plow - 25.8%; the transverse direction of the plough the bottom of the furrow turns out to be stepped; the value of the traction resistance changes at each pass of the plow. To improve the quality of plowing fields from under cotton, a new plowing method has been developed, carried out by a two-tier plow, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the row spacing of cotton. The width of the plow bodies is equal to half the width of the row spacing.
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the technology and parameters of the “paraplau” type soil dredger for a two-tier plow. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Sub-tillage loosening of the most compacted layers of the soil of the fields from under the cotton must be carried out in a strip way along the line of the middle of the irrigation furrows between the rows. It is established that for the implementation of strip loosening of the subarable soil layers of fields from under cotton, the width of the two-tier plow should be a multiple of the width of the row spacing. At the same time, for loosening the compacted subsurface layers of the middle of the row spacing of cotton with one working body, the soil dredgers are installed behind each even lower body in the plane of the field edges of the odd bodies. In the case of subtillage loosening of the middle of the row spacing by two soil dredgers with an inclined stand, one soil dredger is installed behind each lower body. An analytical relationship is obtained to justify the relative position of the plow bodies and the soil dredgers, as well as their parameters. Experimental studies have established that the resistivity of a two-tier plow decreases (in comparison with continuous loosening) when the most compacted layers of the middle of the row are loosened with a pointed paw by 17.56%, two soil dredgers with inclined posts by 24.04%, and one soil dredger with an inclined post by 23.24%.
Mutual arrangement is a combined machine that performs strip preparation of the soil for sowing. The scheme and the functional scheme of the combined machine are given. Analytical dependences and mathematical models for determining the distance between the support wheels are obtained. In this case, the methods of theoretical and classical mechanics are used. To conduct experimental studies, a strain gauge laboratory and field installation has been developed with the possibility of changing the sheet casing, the ripper, and the main housings. Machines were determined in experiments. The plowshare of the lister housing and the ripper of at least 40 cm, between the main body and the lister housing of at least 70 cm, high-quality soil preparation for sowing melons of the required degree with minimal traction resistance.
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