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In the present scenario, the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) and cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles (NPs) through biological routes using green reducing agents are quite interesting to explore various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the treatment of cancer. This study was focused on the phytosynthesis of ZnO and CeO NPs using the leaf extract of Rubia cordifolia L. The active principles present in the plant extract were liable for rapid reduction of Zn and Ce ions to metallic nanocrystals. ZnO and CeO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. ZnO and CeO NPs were partially agglomerated with a net-like structure. Biomedical activities of ZnO and CeO NPs were tested against MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells using MTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification assays. In treated cells, loss of cell membrane integrity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis was observed and it is well correlated with cellular damage immediately after induction. Overall, this study shed light on the anti-cancer potential of ZnO and CeO NPs on MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells through differential ROS production pathways, describing the potential role of greener synthesis.

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The effect of Jatropha oil cake (JOC) filler incorporation into glass fabric-epoxy (G-E) composites and its sliding wear and mechanical properties were evaluated. The sliding distance and applied load are the process parameters at constant sliding velocity. The results show that JOC-filled composites exhibit better sliding wear performance at all test conditions. The wear loss increases with an increase in sliding distance and applied load, whereas under the same conditions, the specific wear rate decreases. The operating wear mechanisms have been studied at higher and lower sliding distances at applied loads of 10 and 20 N by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM results indicate more severe damage to matrix and glass fibre in unfilled composite systems compared to JOC-filled composite.