Generally, silver is considered as a noble metal used for treating burn wound infections, open wounds
and cuts. However, the emerging nanotechnology has made a remarkable impact by converting metallic silver
into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for better applications. The advancement in technology has improved the synthesis
of NPs using biological method instead of physical and chemical methods. Nonetheless, synthesizing
AgNPs using biological sources is ecofriendly and cost effective. Till date, AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial
agents; therefore, a novel idea is needed for the successful use of AgNPs as therapeutic agents to uncertain
diseases and infections. In biomedicine, AgNPs possess significant advantages due to their physical and chemical
versatility. Indeed, the toxicity concerns regarding AgNPs have created the need for non-toxic and ecofriendly
approaches to produce AgNPs. The applications of AgNPs in nanogels, nanosolutions, silver based dressings and
coating over medical devices are under progress. Still, an improvised version of AgNPs for extended applications
in an ecofriendly manner is the need of the hour. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the synthesis methods,
modes of action under dissipative conditions and the various biomedical applications of AgNPs in detail.
HighlightsEloquent biosynthesis of AgNPs using green seaweed Enteromorpha compressa.Characterization of AgNPs was done by UV–vis, XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, SAED pattern and EDX.Effective antibacterial activity against different clinical bacterial and fungal pathogens and cytotoxic assay on EAC cells.
Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of the seaweed Turbinaria conoides and their antibiofilm activity against marine biofilm forming bacteria is reported here. The UV-Vis spectra showed the characteristics SPR absorption band for Ag NPs at 421 and for Au NPs at 538 nm. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and HRTEM analysis. Spherical and triangular nanostructures of the Ag and Au nanoparticles were observed between the size ranges of 2–17 nm and 2–19 nm, respectively. The synthesized Ag NPs are efficient in controlling the bacterial biofilm formation; however, Au NPs did not show any remarkable antibiofilm activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against E. coli (17.6 ± 0.42 mm), followed by Salmonella sp., S. liquefaciens, and A. hydrophila. The macrotube dilution method inferred the MIC (20–40 µL mL−1) and MBC (40–60 µL mL−1) of Ag NPs. The CLSM images clearly showed the weak adherence and disintegrating biofilm formation of marine biofilm bacterial strains treated with Ag NPs. The Artemia cytotoxicity assay recorded the LC50 value of 88.914 ± 5.04 µL mL−1. Thus the present study proved the efficiency of Ag NPs as a potent antimicrofouling agent and became the future perspective for the possible usage in the biofouling related issues in the aquaculture installations and other marine systems.
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