Context.-Whole slide imaging (WSI) is now used for educational purposes, for consultation, and for archiving and quantitation of immunostains. However, it is not routinely used for the primary diagnosis of hematoxylineosin-stained tissue sections.Objective.-To compare WSI using the Aperio digital pathology system (Aperio Technologies, Inc, Vista, California) with optical microscopy (OM) for the interpretation of hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections of breast lesions.Design.-The study was conducted at 3 clinical sites; 3 breast pathologists interpreted 150 hematoxylin-eosinstained slides at each site, 3 times each by WSI and 3 times each by OM. For WSI, slides were scanned using an Aperio ScanScope and interpreted on a computer monitor using Aperio ImageScope software and Aperio Spectrum data management software. Pathologic interpretations were recorded using the College of American Pathologists breast checklist. WSI diagnoses were compared with OM diagnoses for accuracy, precision (interpathologist variation), and reproducibility (intrapathologist variation). Results were considered accurate only if the interpretation matched exactly between WSI and OM. The proportion of accurate results reported by each pathologist was expressed as a percentage for the comparison of the 2 platforms.Results.-The accuracy of WSI for classifying lesions as not carcinoma or as noninvasive (ductal or lobular) or invasive (ductal, lobular, or other) carcinoma was 90.5%. The accuracy of OM was 92.1%. The precision and reproducibility of WSI and OM were determined on the basis of pairwise comparisons (3 comparisons for each slide, resulting in 36 possible comparisons). The overall precision of WSI was 90.5% in comparison with 92.1% for OM; reproducibility of WSI was 91.6% in comparison with 94.5% for OM, respectively.Conclusions.-In this study, we demonstrated that WSI and OM have similar accuracy, precision, and reproducibility for interpreting hematoxylin-eosin-stained breast tissue sections. Further clinical studies using routine surgical pathology specimens would be useful to confirm these findings and facilitate the incorporation of WSI into diagnostic practice. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137:1733-1739 doi: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0437-OA) T he practice of surgical pathology relies on image-based light microscopy diagnosis, which enables the detailed evaluation of the cytologic and architectural features of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections. Significant recent technological advancements have allowed for the acquisition and storage of high-quality digital images. Several commercially available platforms are available for scanning H&E-stained tissue sections, generating digital whole slide images (WSI) for viewing and interpretation. The field of digital pathology is rapidly evolving toward the creation of a digital environment for interpreting and managing pathologic information contained in a glass slide.Several applications of digital pathology are currently being embraced by pathologists. Whole slide imaging is ...

GaAs micro-electromechanical RF relays fabricated by surface micromachining techniques were characterized for their response to total ionizing dose. Microrelays with two different geometries were studied. For one geometry, changes in switch actuation voltage at moderate dose levels were observed. For an alternative geometry, no change in actuation voltage was observed. A mechanism for dielectric charge trapping and its effect on the electrostatic force is proposed.

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Ionization-induced degradation of the 29372 low-dropout voltage regulator is most severe at low-dose-rate (-10 mrad(Si02)/s) and zero load current. The most sensitive parameter is the maximum output drive current, which is a function of the gain of the large lateral pnp output transistor. Significant degradation of this parameter occurs at 5-10 krad(Si0') at low-dose-rate. A moderate load current (-250 mA) during irradiation significantly mitigates the damage. The mitigation of the damage is proportional to irradiation load current and is not a strong function of irradiation temperature or input voltage. The mechanism for the mitigation of damage appears to be current density dependent passivation of interface andfor border traps by mobile hydrogen-related species. The worst-case space system application is in unbiased spares.

This paper discusses the effect of ionizing radiation on two types of deformable MEMS mirrors. Little effect was observed in the technology that was based on electrostatic deflection, consistent with the structural design that does not contain insulators between the two sections. Significant changes in the operating characteristics were observed for the second type of mirror, which uses piezoelectric material for actuation. The mirrors required higher total dose levels before they were affected compared to MEMS accelerometers, which can be explained by the larger interelement spacing used in the mirror arrays.