The paper deals with the environmental issues of agriculture. Examples are given that pose a threat to the vital activity of living organisms from various types of agricultural and human activities. The subject of the study is the analysis of environmental issues arising from the intensification of the development of agricultural industry. Intensive agricultural activity leads to pollution of surface rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater, soil degradation and aquatic ecosystems; violation of the water regime in large areas during drainage and irrigation; desertification due to wind erosion; destruction of natural habitats of living organisms of flora and fauna. An urgent problem of agriculture is a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances in them. The reasons for these negative processes are soil degradation, intensification of agricultural production.
The destructions which occur in the mountain phytocenosis reduce the adaptive capabilities of plant formation, as a result their productivity, longevity and resistance to adverse factors decrease. The species previously typical of indigenous communities do not find ecological niches. They are on the verge of extinction. This contributes to the degradation of species composition. Various secondary communities become widespread, the whole complex of existence in which differs from the conditions of indigenous communities. In order to study the state of mountain vegetation, phytocenoses were monitored and assessed, taking into account the presence of leguminous components. Vegetation monitoring was carried with regard to the vertical zonation, where the plant species and their disappearance were determined under the influence of anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The areas with high degradation were determined, where the amount of plant formation increased and the diversity of valuable grass and bean cultures decreased, depending on anthropogenic factors. It was found that the early spring period nutrition of growing plants with the biological product Nikfan promotes the increase in the fodder mass of plants, ensuring their growth and full development. In our experiments, the doses of the biological product in a concentration of 0.1% were justified, creating favorable conditions for the development and growth rate of crops and beans.
The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, and evaluates collection samples of clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin based on a set of economically valuable traits for creating hay-pasture varieties. The research was based on promising plants and their biomechanical mixture, which was sown in a wide row and individually in a row. Weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down by negative selection. During the period of budding - the beginning of flowering, economic and valuable traits were taken into account, cutting plants at a height of 10-12 cm. The direct dependence of seed formation of the studied crops on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, alfalfa plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 58 cm and a minimum height of 26 cm. Evaluation of the productivity of the studied legume grasses (clover, alfalfa, esparcet), which was determined by the calculation method based on the mass of seeds from one plant, showed that the maximum level of seed yield was formed by samples that exceeded the standard variety by 15-20%. Polycross nurseries were created for three crops (clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin). Samples were selected for a complex of economically valuable features. Correlation dependences of selected plants on the number of internodes and seed productivity were revealed. Plants were selected based on their productivity and adaptability to form new varieties. A data bank of clover, alfalfa and sainfoin was created to form varieties with high seed productivity.
The poultry industry is one of the most important components of the agroindustrial complex of Russia which was created as a comprehensive integrated system that provides all the processes from poultry reproduction to the production of finished products and its implementation. Currently, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has approved the program of "Development of Poultry Farming in the Russian Federation for the Period from 2018-2020". The program is aimed at facilitating the solution of Russia's strategic goal: ensuring the competitive development of Russia's agroindustrial complex, reviving the Russian countryside and ensuring the food security of the state. We have studied the effect of the Prolam and Monosporin probiotics on the body of laying hens. The studies were conducted in the conditions of the poultry farm of ZAO Mariyskoye in the Medvedevsky district of the Republic of Mari El. From the first day of life, the Prolam probiotic was added to the birdseed of the group 1 at the rate of 0.1 mL/chicken and the group 2 received Monosporin at the rate of 0.03 mL/chicken. The studies have shown that the probiotics activate the processes of erythropoiesis and leukocytosis, stimulate non-specific resistance factors. The average daily gain in live weight of young chickens on the 56, 70-day of the experiments in relation to the control was significantly higher by 3.60 and 3.07% and in the second experimental group by 4.92 and 5.92%. Organoleptic and biochemical parameters of meat of experimental groups of birds met the requirements of SanPin 2.3.2.1078-01 "Hygienic requirements for safety and nutritional value of food products". The introduction of the Prolam and Monosporin probiotics into the main diet during the rearing of young chickens, depending on age characteristics, increased the safety of young chickens by 3.1-3.4%.
One of the conditions for increasing livestock production is a solid forage base. Rational use of natural mountain pasture areas by farm animals is a significant reserve in obtaining high-quality meat, milk and wool. Experimental studies were carried out on the territory of a mountain hospital on aboriginal first-calf cows. Two groups of 6 heads were selected. The control group used green mass from the natural background of pastures. The experimental group grazed on the best version of the pasture. It was found that for the pasture period (154 days) from first-calf cows in the control group, the gross milk yield was 1634.04 kg versus 1901.79 kg in the experimental group, with an increase in the dry matter mass fraction of milk by 0.35%; fat by 0.13%; SOMO by 0.22% and protein by 0.09%. This contributed to the improvement of protein metabolism, providing the highest yield of cheese mass -10.34 kg. The economic efficiency of selling milk per head in the control group was 24,424.12 rubles, in the experimental group the profit was 5020.12 rubles higher.
The decrease in the efficiency of most Lr-genes is associated with microevolutionary processes within the population and the emergence of new virulent races of the phytopathogen, which are capable of overcoming previously effective resistance genes. The article presents the results of a phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selection material of winter wheat for resistance to the causative agent of brown rust (Puccinia recondita Robex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of research was 20 varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 10-day-old wheat seedlings. Molecular markers were used for the following genes: Lr9 (SCS5), Lr10 (Fi.2245 / Lr10-6 / r2), Lr19/Sr25 (SCS265), Lr20 / Sr15 (STS638), Lr24 / Sr24 (Sr24 # 12), Lr34 / Sr57 (csLV34), Lr37 / Sr38 / Yr17 / Pch2 / Cre5 (Ventriup / LN2), Lr41 (GDM35), Lr47 (PS10). As a result of molecular screening, it was established that the Lr37 genes were identified in the List 25 cultivar; for the Myth variety-Lr10; for the Eltan variety-Lr10; Markola variety-Lr34; for the Malvina variety-Lr26; the variety Creator-Lr10; for variety DB 1/05-Lr10; the Evklid cultivar has the Lr10 gene; the variety Sumai aut-Lr34; in the Lebidka odes’ka variety-Lr34; Solara variety-Lr34; the variety Zhiva-Lr10, Lr34. When comparing the results of marker analysis with field resistance to leaf rust, a resistant type of reaction to infection (R) reaction (S) was observed in the Markola and Mallyska cultivars; medium susceptible type of reaction (MS)-in cultivars Lebidka odes’ka and Tvorets.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.