The paper deals with the environmental issues of agriculture. Examples are given that pose a threat to the vital activity of living organisms from various types of agricultural and human activities. The subject of the study is the analysis of environmental issues arising from the intensification of the development of agricultural industry. Intensive agricultural activity leads to pollution of surface rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater, soil degradation and aquatic ecosystems; violation of the water regime in large areas during drainage and irrigation; desertification due to wind erosion; destruction of natural habitats of living organisms of flora and fauna. An urgent problem of agriculture is a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances in them. The reasons for these negative processes are soil degradation, intensification of agricultural production.
The analysis of the use of the land fund of the Krasnodar Territory and the analysis of the rational use of land resources were conducted, using the following coefficients: coefficient of arable land, coefficient of plowing of the territory, and territory development coefficient. The paper discusses the techniques and methods of statistical analysis of the distribution of the land fund by categories of land in the Krasnodar Territory for 2005-2019. Since the area of land by categories changes in dynamics, the indicators of the growth rate, increase, and average values of the series were used. This gives an understanding of how intensively the land areas of the Krasnodar Territory change. The analysis of the use of the land fund of the Krasnodar Territory is necessary in order to determine the possibilities for a more rational and effective use of it, as well as to preserve and improve the quality of the land. Therefore, it is relevant.
The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, and evaluates collection samples of clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin based on a set of economically valuable traits for creating hay-pasture varieties. The research was based on promising plants and their biomechanical mixture, which was sown in a wide row and individually in a row. Weak and underdeveloped plants were mowed down by negative selection. During the period of budding - the beginning of flowering, economic and valuable traits were taken into account, cutting plants at a height of 10-12 cm. The direct dependence of seed formation of the studied crops on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, alfalfa plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 58 cm and a minimum height of 26 cm. Evaluation of the productivity of the studied legume grasses (clover, alfalfa, esparcet), which was determined by the calculation method based on the mass of seeds from one plant, showed that the maximum level of seed yield was formed by samples that exceeded the standard variety by 15-20%. Polycross nurseries were created for three crops (clover, alfalfa, and sainfoin). Samples were selected for a complex of economically valuable features. Correlation dependences of selected plants on the number of internodes and seed productivity were revealed. Plants were selected based on their productivity and adaptability to form new varieties. A data bank of clover, alfalfa and sainfoin was created to form varieties with high seed productivity.
The destructions which occur in the mountain phytocenosis reduce the adaptive capabilities of plant formation, as a result their productivity, longevity and resistance to adverse factors decrease. The species previously typical of indigenous communities do not find ecological niches. They are on the verge of extinction. This contributes to the degradation of species composition. Various secondary communities become widespread, the whole complex of existence in which differs from the conditions of indigenous communities. In order to study the state of mountain vegetation, phytocenoses were monitored and assessed, taking into account the presence of leguminous components. Vegetation monitoring was carried with regard to the vertical zonation, where the plant species and their disappearance were determined under the influence of anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The areas with high degradation were determined, where the amount of plant formation increased and the diversity of valuable grass and bean cultures decreased, depending on anthropogenic factors. It was found that the early spring period nutrition of growing plants with the biological product Nikfan promotes the increase in the fodder mass of plants, ensuring their growth and full development. In our experiments, the doses of the biological product in a concentration of 0.1% were justified, creating favorable conditions for the development and growth rate of crops and beans.
The article provides a comparison of cadastral value of land plots with various permitted use by urban areas of Vladikavkaz in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
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