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Radiographic imaging is a common resource for endodontic diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Two-dimensional (2D) periapical and digital panoramic radiographs often showed image distortion; this issue was resolved with the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). This review examines the accuracy of various radiographic techniques in the assessment of periapical lesion after endodontic treatment. Our goal was to determine whether a 2D radiograph (periapical and panoramic) is as accurate as a 3D radiograph (i.e., CBCT) in the assessment of periapical lesion after endodontic treatment. We searched the electronic databases Medline and Cochrane and trial registries for ongoing trials. We included both retrospective and prospective studies comparing the efficacy of periapical healing with various radiographic techniques after endodontic treatment. The outcome of interest was the percentage detection of periapical lesions and periapical healing assessment after endodontic treatment. All data were collected using a specially designed extraction form. We assessed the risk of bias in the studies using the Cochrane tool for diagnostic tests (QUADAS). We judged two studies to be at low risk and two to be at moderate risk of bias. Although there was a difference in the percentage detection of periapical healing efficacy by various radiographic techniques, all studies reported that CBCT had higher accuracy in the detection of periapical lesions compared to periapical and panoramic radiography. The next best choice is periapical radiographs, followed by panoramic radiographs as they provide better visualization and accuracy.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigant penetration using iohexol dye with four irrigation techniques. Methodology Single-rooted premolars were recently extracted and preserved in physiological saline solution. All the samples were standardized to 16 mm. Standard endodontic access was prepared using endoaccess bur (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). The initial patency was established using #10 k file (Mani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan) to the working length. The cleaning and shaping were performed using the file system ProFit S3 in the following sequence: P0 (orifice enlarger), PF1 (yellow), PF2 (red) #25, and PF3 (blue) #30. The samples were randomly allocated in concealed opaque envelopes into four groups. This was performed by a trained dentist. Fifteen samples were allocated to one group. The groups were divided as follows: Group A—conventional needle (CN), Group B—side-vented needle (SVN), Group C—manual dynamic agitation (MDA), and Group D—EndoActivator (EA). The radiopaque dye irrigant agitation/activation was performed by one operator to prevent operator bias. Following irrigation using the different techniques, digital radiographs were taken, and the measurement was taken from the apical foramen to the point where the dye had penetrated apically for each tooth and the data were entered into an Excel sheet for all the four groups. Results Comparing the four groups, there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < 0.05), thus, favoring the alternate hypothesis. EA had resulted in better penetration of the irrigant compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion It was evident that irrigant penetration was best achieved with the use of an EA followed by MDA, SVNs, and then the CN when the preparation was done till size 30 (PF3 #30) using ProFit S3 rotary file system.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the canal transportation, centering ability, and dentin removal of Profit S3 (PS3), One Curve (OC), and ProTaper Gold (PTG) systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human single-rooted premolars were used in the present study. Preinstrumentation scanning of all the teeth in arch form was taken using CBCT. To increase standardization, crowns were removed and only teeth measuring 16 mm were included in the study. The samples were randomly divided into three groups, with ten samples in each group; Group I was instrumented with PS3, Group II was instrumented with OC, and Group III – PTG. Postinstrumentation scans were performed, and the two scans were compared to determine canal transportation, centering ability, and dentin removal at 3, 6, and 9 mm, from the apex. Statistical Analysis: One-way-ANOVA and the independent t -test were done for the pairwise comparison. The significance level was set at P = 0.05; statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistics version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The mean canal centering ratio and canal apical transportation for PS3, OC and PTG show no statistical difference ( P > 0.05). The mean value of dentin removal showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups ( P < 0.05). PS3 and OC rotary file showed less removal of dentin compared to PTG ( P < 0.00). Conclusion: It was evident that PS3, OC, and PTG had no statistically significant difference when analyzed based on canal transportation and canal centering ratio. However, there was a significant difference among the three groups comparing the removal of dentin. PS3 and OC rotary file showed less removal of dentin compared to PTG.

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Objective To determine the effect of adhesive strategy (total etch or self-etch) of universal adhesives in non-carious cervical lesions. Data source A search was made in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web Of Science, Open Gray, Clinical Registries. Data selection Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, studies on non-carious cervical lesions restored using Universal Adhesives, and studies in which universal adhesives have been used in total etch and self -etch strategies were included in this systematic review. Data extraction A total of 17 articles were included in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the clinical performance of NCCLs in terms of retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, secondary caries and post-operative sensitivity at 18, 24, 36 month follow-up using USPHS as well as FDI criteria, separately. Data synthesis Overall there was no significant difference between total etch and self etch adhesive strategies for any of the five outcome measures using either the FDI or the USPHS criteria. p > 0.05, 95% CI, I2 value of 0%. A strongly suspected publication bias in the retention domain was seen at 18 month follow up under FDI criteria. Conclusion Most universal adhesives show acceptable clinical performance. There is no significant effect of the adhesive strategy of universal adhesives on their clinical performance according to the results of our meta-analysis.

The primary objective of root canal treatment is the ability to remove irritants, to clean, shape and fill the root canal system three-dimensionally and prevent recontamination from bacterial irritants. Various Obturation techniques used for filling the root canals include lateral condensation, vertical compression, and thermoplastic gutta-percha techniques. The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the various obturation techniques used in mandibular molars. For this retrospective study data collection was based on patient records of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai and consisted of a total of 1903 cases evaluated based on the obturation technique within the time frame of 10th June 2019 to 1st March 2020. In this study, the obturation technique was evaluated based on the patients age, gender, procedure and based on the tooth in which obturation was done. Inclusion criteria consisted of the tooth that underwent endodontic treatment in patients within the age group of 18 to 60 yrs, a tooth with irreversible pulpal disease or chronic apical periodontitis, permanent tooth and mandibular molars. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients above 60 years, primary tooth, teeth in which root canal treatment was not undertaken, teeth with the presence of huge periapical lesions, severely calcified canals etc., severe periodontal disease, teeth apart from mandibular molars. All the values were then statistically analysed. In this study, 1930 patients (848 are females, and 1055 were males with a mean age of 24 years) were included. It was observed in this retrospective study that there was a significant difference between the various types of obturation technique used in mandibular molars. Matched single cone obturation technique was the preferred technique of obturation in the majority of the cases (62.4%). Single cone obturation technique has advantages over other techniques of obturation due to the fewer stress forces implied apically, thereby preventing an excess of sealer extrusion.

Traumatic dental injuries usually involve the dentoalveolar region, and they readily affect the teeth and their surrounding soft and hard tissues. The common sequelae of traumatic dental injuries lead to pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis along with cystic changes. The current case report describes the surgical management of a radicular cyst in the periapical region of maxillary incisors and highlights the efficacy of natural platelet concentrate [platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)] used for postoperative healing. A 38-year-old male patient presented to the department with pain and mild swelling in the upper front tooth region. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent periapical lesion was evident in relation to the right maxillary central and lateral incisor. In the maxillary anterior region, root canal therapy was performed, followed by periapical surgery and retrograde filling with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and PRF was placed in the surgical site to initiate the healing at a faster rate. The patient was recalled for follow-ups after 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 36 weeks; he was found to be asymptomatic, and significant periapical healing was observed in the radiograph with almost adequate bone formation.