This study examined the effects of bacterial inoculants on chemical composition and fermentation indices of barley silage. Barley forage (Youngyang) was harvested at 24% dry matter (DM) and wilted to 47.9% DM. The wilted barley forage was chopped to 3–5 cm length and applied with no inoculant (CON), L. plantarum (1×1010 cfu/g, LP) or Effective Microorganisms (0.5×109 cfu/g, EM). Then the forages were ensiled in four replications for each treatment in 20 L mini silos and stored for 100 days. The contents of crude protein and ether extract were higher in CON silage ensiled for 100-d, while the contents of DM and crude ash were higher in EM silage (p<0.05). The contents of ADF, NDF and hemicellulose as well as the in vitro DM digestibility were not affected by microbial inoculation (p>0.05). The pH, ammonia-N concentration and lactate to acetate ratio were higher (p<0.05) in CON silage, while lactate concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in CON and LP silage. Acetate concentration and lactic acid bacteria was increased (p<0.05) by both inoculants (LP and EM), but propionate concentration and yeast was increased (p<0.05) by EM and LP, respectively. These results indicated that the fermentation quality of barley silage was improved by the application of bacterial inoculants.

In the presence of small amount of H 2 the Pd-Pt/Al 2 O 3 bimetallic catalysts showed excellent activity toward wet oxidation of reactive dyes due to the combined roles of faster redox cycle and the formation of H 2 O 2 .

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A small pen trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with sea urchin shell powder on the broiler performance and ammonia emissions in poultry houses for 28 days. A total of 120 male broilers (n = 30 birds/treatment) were fed four diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, and 1.0% sea urchin shell powder or 1% feed additives. The use of sea urchin shell powder and feed additives improved growth performance compared to the controls. When compared with the control group at four weeks, ammonia fluxes were decreased by 29.2%, 37.6%, and 27.9% for 0.1% and 1.0% sea urchin shell powder and 1% feed additives, respectively, which could be due to the reduced litter pH. The addition of 1% sea urchin shell powder was effective in improving growth and reducing negative environmental impacts. It is suggested that the decrease in the ammonia level was mainly related to the lower litter pH.