The density and distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) nerve fibers in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were investigated in whole-mount preparations and frozen sections by immunohistochemistry with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Both types of immunoreactive nerves were observed primarily in the joint capsule, the peripheral articular disc, the synovial membrane, and the periosteum. The distribution of CGRP-LI nerves was similar to that of SP-LI nerves. The anterior portion of the joint capsule and disc was most densely innervated, followed by the posterior, lateral, and medial portions. In addition, CGRP-LI nerves were more numerous and more dense in immuno-intensity than SP-LI nerves. In the synovial membrane, many SP- and CGRP-LI nerves terminated in the subsynovial layer, but some branches extended into the superficial synovial lining layer close to the joint cavity. Immunolabeled nerves were prominently located in the disc attachment and peripheral portion of the disc, and occasional nerves were located in the dense collagenous disc band as an actual disc. However, no fibers were detected in the central disc band. Thus, most of the disc was not innervated by any nerves. The present study provides a morphological basis for the possible roles of neuropeptides in endocytosis by synoviocytes, regulation of blood flow in the synovial membrane, nociception mechanisms of the TMJ, and modulation of the inflammatory response in the TMJ.
The localization of cathepsins B, D, and L was studied in rat osteoclasts by immuno-light and -electron microscopy using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In cryosections prepared for light microscopy, immunoreactivity for cathepsin D was found in numerous vesicles and vacuoles but was not detected along the resorption lacunae of osteoclasts. However, immunoreactivity for cathepsins B and L occurred strongly along the lacunae, and only weak intracellular immunoreactivity was observed in the vesicles and peripheral part of the vacuoles near the ruffled border. In control sections that were not incubated with the antibody, no cathepsins were found in the osteoclasts or along the resorption lacunae of osteoclasts. At the electron microscopic level, strong intracellular reactivity of cathepsin D was found in numerous vacuoles and vesicles, while extracellular cathepsin D was only slightly detected at the base of the ruffled border but was not found in the eroded bone matrix. Most osteoclasts showed strong extracellular deposition of cathepsins B and L on the collagen fibrils and bone matrix under the ruffled border. The extracellular deposition was stronger for cathepsin L than for cathepsin B. Furthermore cathepsins B and L immunolabeled some pits and part of the ampullar extracellular spaces, appearing as vacuoles in the sections. Conversely, the intracellular reactivity for cathepsins B and L was weak: cathepsin-containing vesicles and vacuoles as primary and secondary lysosomes occurred only sparsely. These findings suggest that cathepsins B and L, unlike cathepsin D, are rapidly released into the extracellular matrix and participate in the degradation of organic bone matrix containing collagen fibrils near the tip of the ruffled border.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
This study examined the antimicrobial/antifungal ability of a tissue conditioner containing a photocatalyst for Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The photocatalyst was mixed with tissue conditioners powders at concentrations of 0, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. Tissue conditioners powders containing a photocatalyst were mixed with liquid to make test specimens. Test specimens inoculated by each microorganism were irradiated by ultraviolet light for 0-, 2-and 4 hours. The antimicrobial/antifungal effects were evaluated by the CFU technique. The CFU values of each microorganism for tissue conditioners containing a photocatalyst showed significant decrease following UV-irradiation. The improvement in antimicrobial/antifungal effects was concomitant with the increase of the mixing ratio and the irradiation time. Therefore, the results indicated that tissue conditioners containing a photocatalyst might have photocatalytic ability.
These results indicate that no age-dependent change in the cell proliferation or cell death occurred in the gingival and junctional epithelial layers as well as in the cell proliferation in the submucosal connective tissue. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in the cellular component of the submucosal connective tissue of both gingival and junctional epithelial layers caused by apoptosis occurred with aging. The decreased cellular component in the submucosal connective tissue thus seems to be related to either gingival recession or to the apical migration of the JE with aging. These morphological changes with aging possibly occur in humans and may be related to the susceptibility to periodontal disease in aged individuals.
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