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Objective: To investigate the role of aerobic exercise in inhibiting chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depressed mice hippocampal inflammatory response and its potential mechanisms. Methods: Fifty-four male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided as control group (CG) (18 mice) and model group (36 mice). Model group mice were treated with 13 chronic stimulating factors for 28 days to set up the CUMS depression model. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed after modeling. The mice in the model group were randomly divided into the control model group (MG) and the aerobic exercise group (EG), with 18mice in each group. The EG group carried out the adaptive training of the running platform: 10 m/min, 0° slope, and increased by 10 minutes per day for 6 days. The formal training was carried for 8 weeks with 10 m/min speed, 0° slope, 60 min/d, 6 d/Week. After the training, a neurobehavioral assessment was performed, and hippocampus IL-1β and IL-10 protein levels were detected by ELISA. RT–PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-223 and TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κBp65 protein in the hippocampus. Results: The hippocampus function of CUMS depression model mice was impaired. The forced swimming and forced tail suspension time were significantly prolonged, and inflammatory factors IL-1β were significantly increased in the hippocampus. Aerobic exercise significantly improves CUMS-depressed mice hippocampal function, effectively reducing depressive behavior and IL-1β levels, and increasing IL-10 levels. Besides, aerobic exercise significantly upregulates the expression level of miR-223 and inhibits the high expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise significantly increases the CUMS-depressed mice hippocampus expression of miR-223, and inhibits the downstream TLR4/MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and the hippocampal inflammatory response, which contributes to the improvement of the hippocampal function.

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A citrus R2R3 MYB transcription factor (CsMYB96) was found to alleviate water loss by simultaneously regulating plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (CsPIPs) and wax-related genes. Expression profiling indicated that CsPIP1;1 and CsPIP2;4 are representative aquaporins with high expression, and are down-regulated in the peel of postharvest citrus fruit. CsPIP2;4 was further characterized as the predominant CsPIP with high expression and high-water channel activity. Besides, transient overexpression of CsPIP2;4 accelerated the water loss of citrus fruit. The in silico analysis further revealed that the expression of CsMYB96 had a significant negative correlation with that of CsPIPs. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that CsMYB96 can directly repress the expression of CsPIPs. Furthermore, CsMYB96 can activate the wax-related genes and promote wax biosynthesis for defense against water loss. The transient and stable overexpression of CsMYB96 reduced the water loss of citrus fruit and Arabidopsis.

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Objective To study the effect of aerobic exercise on the anti-chronic stress depression and the key metabolic enzymes indoleamine 2,3 peroxidase (IDO) of tryptophan and kynurenine pathway. Methods  Adopt the method of random numbers to make depression modelling for mice with 1 or 2 kinds of stimulating factors for 28 days in view of the 13 kinds of chronic stress stimulation. Collect and analyse motionless time for FST and TST of mice by using the Noldus EthoVision XT9 system. Test the serum factor level of laboratory mice with Cusabio imported IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α kit. Make real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR verification of the mRNA expression and protein expression level of IDO, 5-HT, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus. Results After 4 weeks of chronic stress stimulation, the motionless time for FST and TST of mice in the Model Group obviously prolonged (p<0.05). The bioactivity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus increased. The mRNA expression of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α in hippocampus increased, while the mRNA expression of 5-HT decreased (p<0.01). Aerobic exercise can shorten the motionless time of mice, inhibit the activity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α, reduce the mRNA expression quantity of IDO, NF-ƙB and TNF-α and enhance the expression of 5-HT. Conclusions Aerobic exercise has an antidepressant effect on mice for chronic stress depression, which is related to the IDO activation induced by inhibit inflammatory cytokines. Aerobic exercise may inhibit the NF-ƙB to reduce the pathway of tryptophan and kynurenine, affect the direct and indirect induced effect of IDO, and adjust its activity and expression.

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