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Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of soft coral Sinularia sp. collected from the South China Sea led to the isolation of three new polyoxygenated sterols, (3S,23R,24S)-ergost-5-ene-3β,23α,25-triol (1), (24S)-ergostane-6-acetate-3β,5α,6β,25-tetraol (2), (24S)-ergostane-6-acetate-3β,6β,12β,25-tetraol (3) together with three known ones (4–6). The structures, including relative configurations of the new compounds (1–3), were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, NMR, MS) and by comparison with related reported compounds. The absolute configuration of 1 was further determined by modified Mosher’s method. Compound 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against K562 cell line with an IC50 value of 3.18 μM, but also displayed strong lethality toward the brine shrimp Artemia salina with a LC50 value of 0.96 μM.

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34Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a teleost species where eggs are fertilized 35 internally and retained in the maternal reproductive system, where they undergo 36 development until live birth (termed viviparity). In the present study, we report a 37 chromosome-level black rockfish genome assembly. High-throughput transcriptome 38 analysis (RNA-seq and ATAC-seq), coupled with in situ hybridization (ISH) and 39 immunofluorescence, identify several candidate genes for maternal preparation, sperm 40 storage and release, and hatching. We propose that zona pellucida (ZP) genes retain 41 sperm at the oocyte envelope, while genes in two distinct astacin metalloproteinase 42 subfamilies serve to release sperm from the ZP and free the embryo from chorion at 43 pre-hatching stage. Finally, we present a model of black rockfish reproduction, and 44 propose that the rockfish ovarian wall has a similar function to uterus of mammals. 45Taken together, these genomic data reveal unprecedented insights into the evolution of 46 an unusual teleost life history strategy, and provide a sound foundation for studying 47 viviparity in non-mammalian vertebrates and an invaluable resource for rockfish 48 ecology and evolution research. 49 50

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Phytoene and astaxanthin are 2 important carotenoids in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Under environmental stress, the synthesis of phytoene in H. pluvialis increases significantly, and phytoene is converted to astaxanthin through enzymatic catalysis. This paper analyzes the relationship between astaxanthin and phytoene accumulation in carotenoid synthesis pathways under different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaAc) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of phytoene and astaxanthin were observed at the NaAc concentration of 6 g l-1 on the 12th day of induction. The highest astaxanthin concentration achieved was 2.26 ± 0.28%. Therefore, we concluded that 6 g l-1 NaAc and induction for 12 d provided the optimal inducing conditions for astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. psy, pds, lcyB, β-carotene ketolase crtw, and crtz, which are genes related to phytoene and astaxanthin synthesis, were cloned and studied at the transcriptional level. crtw and crtz were continuously up-regulated since the first day of induction, while psy, pds, and lcyB were continuously up-regulated starting on the 3rd day of induction. These findings are important for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of accumulation of phytoene and astaxanthin in H. pluvialis and provide a foundation for identifying the induction conditions necessary for optimizing astaxanthin production and increasing astaxanthin yields.

In this study, responses of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) path state to near‐term (2006–2035) global warming are investigated using a Kuroshio‐resolving atmosphere‐ocean coupled model. Under the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) forcing, the KE system is intensified and its path state tends to move northward and becomes more stable. It is suggested that the local anticyclonic wind stress anomalies in the KE region favor the spin‐up of the southern recirculation gyre, and the remote effect induced by the anticyclonic wind stress anomalies over the central and eastern midlatitude North Pacific also contributes to the stabilization of the KE system substantially. The dominant role of wind stress forcing on KE variability under near‐term global warming is further confirmed by adopting a linear 1.5 layer reduced‐gravity model forced by wind stress curl field from the present climate model. It is also found that the main contributing longitudinal band for KE index (KEI) moves westward in response to the warmed climate. This results from the northwestward expansion of the large‐scale sea level pressure (SLP) field.