Konservasi anggrek spesies alam merupakan langkah penting untuk menghindari kepunahan akibat rusaknya habitat alamnya. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui kemampuan tumbuh biji anggrek spesies alam pada media Vacin dan Went (VW) dan menentukan jenis anggrek spesies yang telah berhasil dikonservasi melalui biji. Anggrek spesies alam yang digunakan sebanyak 46 spesies yang berasal dari 18 genus anggrek, yakni Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Vanda, Ascocentrum, Paphiopedilum, Rhyncostilis, Neofinetia, Epidendrum, Arachnis, Dimorphosis, Phaius, Spathogottis, Trichoglottis, Arundina, Cymbidium, Renanthera, Armodorum, dan Gramathophylum. Polinasi bunga anggrek dilakukan dengan metode selfing maupun sibling. Buah dipanen saat warna buah berubah menjadi kuning kehijauan dan/atau tekstur buah menjadi lebih lunak. Selanjutnya, sebelum kultur biji, buah disterilkan dan biji disebar pada media VW. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa buah anggrek hasil polinasi mengalami kemasakan antara 34-280 hari setelah polinasi. Biji hasil selfing dari 41 anggrek spesies (dari 46) dapat berkecambah pada media VW dengan umur berkecambah berkisar antara 10-69 hari setelah sebar. Sebanyak 19 anggrek spesies alam mampu membentuk protokorm di atas 70% dan semua protokorm mampu membentuk planlet. Selanjutnya, 19 spesies dapat diaklimatisasi dengan kisaran waktu antara 272-552 hari setelah terbentuk protokorm, Sebanyak 16 spesies belum dapat diaklimatisasi karena planlet yang masih kecil, sedang 6 spesies tidak tumbuh. Arundina graminifolia merupakan anggrek yang paling cepat membentuk protokorm dan Grammatophylum sp. merupakan anggrek yang paling lama membentuk protokorm. Biji Ascocentrum aurantiacum, Aerides odorata, Phalaenopsis luddemanniana, P. violacea, dan Cymbidium finlaysonianum tidak mampu membentuk protokorm. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa media VW dapat digunakan untuk konservasi anggrek spesies alam melalui perbanyakan dengan menggunakan biji.
Mite (Tetranychus urticae) that attacks the cassava plants during dry season can reduce the yield up to 53%, depending on plant age and duration of attacks. The objective of the trial was to evaluate the cassava promising clones for tuber root yield and mite resistance. The field trial was done in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, in 2018 with fifteen clones using a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The glass house experiment for mite evaluation was done in Malang in 2018. A total of fifteen clones were used in this glass house trial. Infestation of mite (imago) was done 1 month after plating with 15 mites/pot on the lower part of the fourth or fifth leaf. Results of the field experiment showed that there was a genetic variability in the clones tested. The fresh tuber yield in 10 months ranged 30.33–55.67 t/ha with mean 41.34 t/ha. The fresh tuber yield of clone OMM 0915-11 was the highest of 55.67 t/ha. The tuber result of clone UJ5d50-207-3 similar to OMM 0915-11 and significantly higher than check variety UJ5. Response of clones to mite attack were as follows: two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Based on the green house trial, the response of clones to mite attack was as follows: one clone was highly resistant, two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Clone OMM 0915-11 was resistant variety or high resistant variety based on the green house and field experiments, while clone UJ5d50-207-3 was moderately resistant based on both glass house and field experiments.
A new route of in vitro propagation of gerbera selected clones was successfully established using young capitula in tight buds and buds that were started to unfold stage as explant source. The one-fourth pieces of young capitula of tight flower stage and half-strength MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BAP was the suitable for initiation and produced higher number of shoots per explant up to 3.8 shoots. The results were improved by culturing the one-fourth piece of 01.092 capitulums on MS medium fortified by 0.2 mg/l BAP and 0.02 mg/l NAA producing the highest shoot formation up to 8.5 shoots per explant with 28.7 leaves per explant and 2.1 cm leaf length. High multiple shoots were determined in third to fourth subculture periods and reduced thereafter with high multiplication rate noted on 01.092 clone. Shoots were easily rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2 g/l activated charcoal. Plantlets were transferred to ex vitro condition with 96.4% survivability of 03.045 clone using Cycas rumphii bulk and cocopeat (1:1, v/v) under spraying 1 g/l Growmore (32N:10P:10K) solution once week periodically. The route has high potential applied in qualified plantlet production for other Gerbera’s due to high shoots produced up to 35 shoots per whole young capitulum used.
Evaluation of compatibility on sweetpotato is very important to determine the crossing parents to increase the compatibility of controlled cross-pollination. This research was aimed to study the level of compatibility in controlled cross-pollination based on percentage of normal seedlings obtained from crosses. The research was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Station of ILETRI, Malang, Indonesia then followed by breaking seed dormancy and germination of seeds obtained. The genetic materials used were 17 accessions with high yielding potential and 3 accessions as tester for crossing. The results showed that there were differences in the compatibility levels of crossing combination and their compatibilities as male or female parents. Clone C-011 (Tester 2) was the most compatible as male parent, while clone C-141, C-007 and C-131 were the most compatible as female parents. Clone C-127 (Tester 3) was the most compatible as both male and female parents. Clone C-001 (Tester 1) could not be used as female parent due to high incompatibility.This compatible clone information is very useful in determining of both controlled crosses and open crosses in sweet potato in order to increase the breeding efficiency.
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