Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuber crop native to the tropics that belongs to the Araceae family. Porang is a potential tuber crops that has been known in Indonesia for a long time, but the value of its product has not been widely disclosed. The planting area covers over 45,000 ha with East Java as the main production areaMadiun-East Java has a long and the oldest history of porang cultivation in Indonesia and has great potential for porang development. Characterized and officially released its local cultivar as an official released cultivar would protect the local germplasm and can be used as a basis for character improvement. Porang Madiun 1 cultivar has morphological characteristics of compound leaf type, dark green-green leaf color. The color of the leaf edges is pink, but as the age of the plant increases, the leaf edges turn white. Porang leaf surface smooth-wavy, hairless. The edges of porang leaves are smooth- wavy, depend on sunlight intensity. Stem shape was round, stem color was green with white spots and longitudinal lines, The pattern of spots on the stems has a sparse density, with the color of the stems varying depending on the age of the plant. Shape of bulbil was irregular round with various size. Average corm weight of Madiun 1 was 0.1 kg for first year porang plant, 0.4 kg for second year porang plant, and 1.6 kg for third year it became 1.6 kg with the average number of bulbils 1.8, 4.9, and 16.7, respectively
Acid soil area is one of the areas broadly available in Indonesia. However, the complexity of acid soil may lead to low soybean productivity. Hence, soybean variety which is adaptive to acid soil is needed. The objective of this research was to find out expected lines adaptive to acid soil. A number of ten soybean lines and two check varieties were grown in Natar Research Station in dry season II, 2011. This research applied randomized completely block design with four replications. Results showed that 7 of 10 soybean lines had grain yield higher than those of two check varieties. The three lines with the highest grain yield were Tgm/Anj-957, Tgm/Anj-908 and Tgm/Anj-932 with grain yield 1.83, 1.74, and 1.65 t ha -, 1 respectively. Tanggamus variety had grain yield higher than Wilis. The highest grain yield line, Tgm/Anj-957, was also supported by the highest number of pods per plant up to 68 pod. Line of Tgm/Anj-995 was the line with the largest seed size, i.e. 16 g per 100 seeds.
Germplasm as a source of genes in sweetpotato breeding requires information on appearance and genetic parameters. The objectives of this research were to determine the performance and genetic parameters of sweet potato accessions. The research was conducted at Kendalpayak Research Station, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The materials used were thirty sweet potato accessions from Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) germplasm collection. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications. The variables observed included: the vines length, the weight of vines, the number and weight of the saleable root per plot, the number and weight of the non-saleable root per plot, the number and weight of root per plant, the root yield, the harvest index, and the dry matter content. The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference among the tested genotypes in almost all traits observed except on weight of non-saleable root. PCV estimation was higher than GCV estimation for all the observed characters. The weight of the saleable root per plot, the weight of root per plant, and the root yield that showed a wide range of PCV and GCV as well as high broad-sense heritability indicated that these traits had additive gene effect and more reliable for effective selection. The broad GCV in a population is effective for selection to obtain the superior variety.
This research aimed to investigate the incompatibility levels of controlled cross-pollination in sweetpotato, based on normal seedling percentage and their correlation with seed vigour. The controlled cross-pollination in sweetpotato faces issues due to its cross-incompatibility and selfincompatibility characteristics. Currently, the incompatibility level in sweetpotato is investigated based on the fruit set percentage. However, this criterion lacks the ability in accurately predicting the number of new clones. Therefore, it is essential to study new parameters to create a better investigation of incompatibility in sweetpotato. The materials used in this research consisted of eight sweetpotato clones as female and four sweetpotato clones as male parents. Cross-pollinations were done reciprocally. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute from April to December 2014. The result showed that totally 5,188 times crossing produced about 25% fruit sets and 10% normal seedlings. The use of normal seedlings percentage as a new parameter in evaluating cross-pollination has apparently seemed to be more effective than the fruit sets percentage method because numbers of new clones could be known accurately. This research revealed that the normal seedling could be used as a new parameter in determining the incompatibility level in sweetpotato controlled cross-pollination.
Genetic diversity on soybean germplasm will determine the success of the soybean breeding program. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity of Indonesian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm based on agronomic traits and microsatellite markers in order to know the genetic relationship among the accessions. Genetic material used was 45 soybean accessions consisting of 14 genotypes introduced from nine countries, 26 landrace from 10 provinces in Indonesia, and five Indonesian high yield varieties. Morphological characterization performed on nine qualitative and four quantitative traits. The genetic relationships were estimated using three SSR markers. The results showed that cluster analysis based on agronomic traits clearly separate the soybean accessions of black seeds into one group with genetic distance range from 0.61 to 1. Other groups for accessions with yellow, green-yellowish and brown seed have genetic distance ranging from 0.46 to 1. Based on microsatellite markers, three primers showed polymorphism banding pattern. The number of alleles that are formed these three primers between four and five alleles with sizes ranged from 200 bp to 800 bp. Cluster analysis based on microsatellites markers showed that the genetic distance of 45 accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.
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