Konservasi anggrek spesies alam merupakan langkah penting untuk menghindari kepunahan akibat rusaknya habitat alamnya. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui kemampuan tumbuh biji anggrek spesies alam pada media Vacin dan Went (VW) dan menentukan jenis anggrek spesies yang telah berhasil dikonservasi melalui biji. Anggrek spesies alam yang digunakan sebanyak 46 spesies yang berasal dari 18 genus anggrek, yakni Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Vanda, Ascocentrum, Paphiopedilum, Rhyncostilis, Neofinetia, Epidendrum, Arachnis, Dimorphosis, Phaius, Spathogottis, Trichoglottis, Arundina, Cymbidium, Renanthera, Armodorum, dan Gramathophylum. Polinasi bunga anggrek dilakukan dengan metode selfing maupun sibling. Buah dipanen saat warna buah berubah menjadi kuning kehijauan dan/atau tekstur buah menjadi lebih lunak. Selanjutnya, sebelum kultur biji, buah disterilkan dan biji disebar pada media VW. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa buah anggrek hasil polinasi mengalami kemasakan antara 34-280 hari setelah polinasi. Biji hasil selfing dari 41 anggrek spesies (dari 46) dapat berkecambah pada media VW dengan umur berkecambah berkisar antara 10-69 hari setelah sebar. Sebanyak 19 anggrek spesies alam mampu membentuk protokorm di atas 70% dan semua protokorm mampu membentuk planlet. Selanjutnya, 19 spesies dapat diaklimatisasi dengan kisaran waktu antara 272-552 hari setelah terbentuk protokorm, Sebanyak 16 spesies belum dapat diaklimatisasi karena planlet yang masih kecil, sedang 6 spesies tidak tumbuh. Arundina graminifolia merupakan anggrek yang paling cepat membentuk protokorm dan Grammatophylum sp. merupakan anggrek yang paling lama membentuk protokorm. Biji Ascocentrum aurantiacum, Aerides odorata, Phalaenopsis luddemanniana, P. violacea, dan Cymbidium finlaysonianum tidak mampu membentuk protokorm. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa media VW dapat digunakan untuk konservasi anggrek spesies alam melalui perbanyakan dengan menggunakan biji.
Hybridization is the process on interbreeding between individuals of different species or genetically divergent individuals from the same species to produce new progenies with their uniqueness and differences, involving in Vanda. Aim of this research was to explore genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance of progenies derived from hybridization of Vanda ‘Adrienne’ × Ascocenda ‘Peggy Foo’ with Vanda malinii × Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f, and to find best characters used for selection. The experiment was conducted at Segunung Experimental Garden of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute (IOCRI) on altitude of 1100 m above sea level from June 2013 until December 2016. Thirteen genotypes derived from hybridization of V. ‘Adrienne’ × A. ‘Peggy Foo’ with V. malinii × V. denisoniana of 1A, 2A, 21A, 27A, 50A, 52A, 98A, 101A, 102A, 113A, 116A, 120A, and 120B were used in the study. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results of the study indicated that range of genetic variability was varied from 1.2-184.7% with wide genetic variability determined on number of leaves per plant (NLP) up to 26.5% with 184.7% for leaf width (LW) and 24.7% for spike length (SL). Moderate heritability of 25.2% for NLP, 21.0% for LW and 25.2% for SL coupled with high genetic advance percent of mean up to 59.7% for NLP, 939.7% for LW and 33% for SL, reflecting the presence and expression of additive gene action of these traits. The results indicated the importance of these three characters best used as selection criteria for Vanda genotypes.
Interspecific hybridization can be an effective strategy in ornamental plant breeding. Interspecific hybridization in the genus Dianthus is relatively easy to do. Therefore, the introduction of good character carriers from other Dianthus species into carnations will give prospect. The objective of this study was to produce new type interspecific carnation genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute experiment station in Cipanas – Cianjur, from November 2014 – July 2015. The experiment was conducted with an experimental method using randomized block design (RBD). The treatment consisted of six genotypes of interspecific carnation, female parent “Liberty” and male parent “SK 11-1” with four replications. The result showed that the flower color of the purplish red and red interspecific genotypes was different from the female parent yellow-flowered. The character of flower type, petal edges and leaf texture of the six progeny genotypes resemble male parent, while the flower shape character of the six interspecific carnation genotypes resemble female parent. Genotype D1 had a combination of the character of plant height, stem diameter and diameter of the appropriate flower as carnations of cut flowers, while genotype D5 had the character of plant height, the number of flowers blooming at one time, the diameter of the flower, the freshness of the flower suitable as garden carnations or pots.
Phenotypic of interspecific hybridization of carnation Dianthus caryophyllus „Pradofit‟ x Dianthus chinensis „SKII_I‟Interspecific hybridization becomes an effective strategy in ornamental plant breeding. This technique is an important tool to create a new type of variety. The objective of this study was to get F1 carnation hybrid which have superior performance as potted ornamental plant. The experiment was conducted at the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute experiment station in Cipanas – Cianjur, from November 2014 – July2015. The experiment was conducted with an experimental method using randomized block design (RBD). The treatment consisted of 17 F1 genotypes of interspecific carnation. The result showed that a large part of C population genotype have some characters that agree with potted carnation, i.e shorter plant, larger stem diameter, many number of branch, early flowering, longer vase life and many bloomed flower at the same time. C5. C8, C9, C10 and C12 genotype potential used as potted carnation.Keywords: Plant breeding, Potted characteristics, Ornamental plantABSTRAKHibridisasi interspesifik dapat menjadi strategi yang efektif dalam pemuliaan tanaman hias. Teknik ini merupakan sarana yang penting untuk menghasilkan varietas tipe baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hybrid F1 anyelir yang berpenampilan unggul sebagai tanaman hias pot. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah serre Kebun Percobaan Penelitian Tanaman Hias Cipanas-Cianjur, dari bulan November 2014 sampai Juli 2015. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri dari 17 genotip anyelir interspesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar genotip populasi C memiliki karakter yang sesuai dengan karakter anyelir tipe pot, yaitu tanaman pendek, diameter batang besar, jumlah cabang banyak, genjah, bunga bertahan lama dan jumlah bunga mekar/waktu banyak. Genotip C5, C8, C9, C10 dan C12 potensial dijadikan anyelir tipe pot.Kata kunci: Pemuliaan tanaman, Karakteristik tipe pot, Tanaman hias
Paphiopedilum (Slipper Orchid/Venus orchid) is a genus belongs to subfamily of Cypripedioideae. All Paphiopedilum species are covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Cluster analysis has been used to grouping of plant variation. The aim of the research was to estimate the relationship between parents (Paph. Maudiae “Black” & Paph. tonsum) and their 19 progenies. 23 morphological Qualitative traits and 13 morphometrical/quantitative traits were used in multivariate analysis. The morphological qualitative data was scored numerically as present (1) and absent (0), and then analyzed using NTSYS PC (Rohlf, 1998). Similarity between accessions was estimated using Dice coefficient. Average taxonomic distance was used to group the quantitative data using Dist coefficient. Result showed that hierarchical clustering of 21 genotipes indicated two main groups based on qualitative data as well of quantitative data. Group 1 had 5 accessions (PH1-01, PH1-16, PH1-51, Ph1-73, PH1-78, and group 2 had 10 accessions. Four accessions were separated and stand alone. Group 1 had morphological resemblance with Paph. Maudiae and group 2 had morphological resemblance with Paph. Maudiae and Paph. tonsum. Based on quantitative data, group 1 (11 accessions) had quantitative trait resemblance with Paph. Tonsum. Group 2 (7 accessions) had quantitative trait resemblance with Paph. Maudiae. Morphological trait of Paph. Maudiae was dominant inherited to their progenies.
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