Human remains are tremendously damaged and degraded in forensic cases and the identification becomes very difficult, in those cases teeth and bones are often the only reliable sources of DNA for identification. Advances in DNA extraction techniques and short-amplicon DNA typing have greatly increased our potential to identify human remains which were previously considered to be too compromised for genetic analysis. As the teeth are largely protected within the jawbones and remains protected from the environmental conditions and prevent these tissues from postmortem decomposition and DNA decay. DNA profile tests which are performed nowadays are totally reliable and give details about an individual’s physical characteristics, ethnicity, place of origin and sex. These tests are also accepted as legal proofs in courts. These tests are: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing, STRs Typing, Mitochondrial DNA Analysis, Y-Chromosome Analysis, X-Chromosome STR, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding and knowledge about the latest techniques in DNA for human identification in the field of forensic odontology.
Tongue is a vital organ present in the oral cavity.Besides the important functions of speech and deglutition,it may act as an index for underlying systemic diseases.Although it is easy to examine the various developmental anomalies of the tongue clinically still some anomalies may present a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.
Fungal infections have been commonly observed in the oral cavity with the most common being Candida albicans but with time, new species of candida have been observed and isolated from the oral cavity. Identification of new strains is necessary not only because of their ability to cause infection but also due to their susceptibility toward antifungal agents. The use of concentrated saliva or serial dilution method has been used for these culture tests, with each method having its own advantage and disadvantage. Hence, the aim of the study was to quantitatively analyze effectiveness of both these methods on samples from the oral cavity.
: The present study was aimed to determine the histopathological correlation in lesions of oral cavity in children aged 14 years and below received for diagnosis in the Oral Pathology Department of the Indira Gandhi Government Dental College Jammu, J&K. : The archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology were retrospectively analyzed. Biopsy records of all oral lesions from pediatric patients, aged 0–14 years, from Department Of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College Jammu, J&K, from 2011 to 2022 were considered. Descriptive statistical analysis and using computer software Pearson’s Chi‑square test was performed.: 36 biopsies (4.9%) belonged to pediatric population out of the total 727 biopsies that were received during the period. Females (64%) showed greater prevalence compared to males (36%). Affected age group seen were between10–14 years. The most common category of lesions diagnosed were cysts and the odontogenic tumors were the least seen. Mandible showed more predilection compared to maxilla in jaws which was most common location involved, followed by the gingiva, palate, lower lip and labial mucosa. On comparing the histopathological diagnosis, dentigerous cysts (22%) were the most common followed by radicular cysts (17%), fibrous hyperplasia (14%), pyogenic granuloma (11%), central giant cell granuloma (8%), hyperplasia of minor salivary glands (5.6%) and percentage of aneurysmal bone cyst, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, central ossifying fibroma, juvenile ossifying fibroma, cementoblastoma, ameloblastoma and necrotic bone all was equal (2.8%). A statistically significant association of age and gender was seen with the category of the lesion.:The lesions were more common in the mandible with a female predilection and in age group >10 years. The majority of oral and maxillofacial lesions detected in pediatric population were benign similar to the previous reports.
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