No abstract

In the species Olea europaea L. the tissue culture techniques have not been sufficiently studied by the lack of efficient establishment of protocols for various cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different culture media and sampling times of explants on in vitro establishment of six cultivars of olive (Ascolano 315, Leccino, Maria da Fé, Coratina, Arbequina and Frantoio). The work was divided into two experiments conducted in the Fruit Tree Propagation Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil. Stock plants of the olive cultivars maintained in semi- hydroponic system were used. In the first experiment, nodal segments were used to establish in vitro culture medium MO and WPM, consisting of salts and vitamins. In the second experiment four seasons to obtain the explants were evaluate (autumn, winter, spring and summer). The WPM medium promoted greater establishment of olive explants. There is a higher phenolic oxidation in olive explants collected in winter. Spring is indicated for collecting explants, therefore favors the in vitro cultivar Maria da Fé, while Ascolano 315 and Arbequina cultivars have a higher rate of in vitro establishment by collecting explants over the year

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de casca de arroz como estruturador físico em substituição ao ágar e de 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP) na multiplicação in vitro de Oncidium baueri. Foram avaliados dois fatores: tipos de substratos (casca de arroz in natura; casca de arroz carbonizada e ágar), e concentrações de BAP (0, 1, 2 e 3 mg L-1), com quatro repetições de cinco explantes. Após quatro meses, analisou-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência; o número médio de folhas e brotações; a massa de matéria fresca e seca de parte aérea. Quanto à porcentagem de sobrevivência e o número de folhas, o ágar apresentou as maiores médias. Para o número de brotações, a casca de arroz carbonizada e o ágar não diferiram estatisticamente. A maior massa de matéria fresca foi obtida com o uso de ágar associado a 1 mg L-1 de BAP. Para massa seca, o ágar apresentou a maior média quando foi utilizado juntamente com 1 mg L-1 de BAP; porém, não diferiu das concentrações 0 e 3 mg L-1. Assim, o ágar e a concentração de 1 mg L-1 de BAP são os mais indicados. Porém, como alternativa ao ágar, pode-se utilizar a casca de arroz carbonizada sem o regulador de crescimento, mas deve-se considerar a possibilidade de uma redução de até 35,8% na taxa de sobrevivência e 53,8% no número de na multiplicação in vitro de O. baueri.

The mini-cuttings productivity in clonal mini-garden using the semi-hydroponic system is a promising technique for the olive propagation, to obtaining a satisfactory amount of cuttings and with good quality. The objective was to evaluate the mini-stumps productivity and rooting of olive mini-cuttings in successive collections at different times of year in a clonal mini-garden in a semi-hydroponic system. In each collection the productivity of the clonal mini-garden was evaluated counting the collected cuttings. The mini-cuttings were prepared with 3-5 cm long with leaf area reduced by 50% and placed in plastic boxes with vermiculite for a period of 80 days. The evaluated variables were: mini-stumps productivity, mini-stumps and mini-cuttings percentage of survival, rooting percentage and number and length of mini-cuttings root. The olive mini-cuttings presented higher productivity during the spring of 2014. The mini-cuttings rooting percentage collected during the evaluated periods demonstrated that mini-cutting is a viable technique for olive propagation when grown in clonal mini-garden using a semi-hydroponic system.

No abstract

The raspberry tree, a species from the Rosaceae family and the Rubus genus, is included in the group of small fruit that has been drawing the attention of the global consuming market for carrying antioxidant properties and substances capable of fighting free radicals, bringing health benefits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of collection periods on the in vitro establishment of raspberry trees (Rubus idaeus L.). Explants were collected in different seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer and autumn), and were inoculated in a MS culture medium. The experimental design was totally randomized, and arranged in a factorial scheme. At 28 days, the following variables were evaluated: oxidation, fungal and bacterial contamination survival and establishment. There was less phenolic oxidation in raspberry tree explants collected in winter. Explants contamination by endogenic bacteria occurred in higher percentages in winter. Although summer was the season of the year with higher percentage of explants’ phenolic oxidation for both cultivars, the highest in vitro establishment percentages for the Heritage cultivar occurred in summer and fall. However, for the Fallgold cultivar, spring and winter were the seasons with greater in vitroestablishment.

The objective of this study was to compare the vegetative and productive aspects and the quality of “Maciel” peach fruits grown on ‘Flordaguard’ clonal rootstock obtained from mini-cuttings, in different grafting periods (active bud and dormant bud). The experiment was conducted in an orchard located at Centro Agropecuario de Palma, in the county of Capao Leao, by Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS (UFPel), from 2014/15 to 2015/16. The following variables related to the vegetative aspects were evaluated: canopy volume, trunk diameter, branch diameter, plant height, phenology (initial, full and final flowering) , productive aspects, estimated productivity (t.ha-1), production (kg. plant), production effectiveness, fruit diameter and physical-chemical characteristics such as firmness, color, pH, titratable total acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids/ titratable acidity relationship, antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The most recommended grafting method for the ‘Maciel’ peach tree on ‘Flordaguard’ rootstock propagated by mini-cuttings is the active bud grafting.

The use of grapevine minicutting is an alternative for the production of quality plants. This technique has been gaining ground as one of the most used forms of vegetative propagation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of Chardonnay grapevine and SO4 grapevine rootstock by using different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) to form a clonal mini-garden. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four levels of IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1). The minicuttings remained in trays containing vermiculite and kept in a micro sprinkler chamber. After 60 days, the percentage of survival, rooting and callus formation, root number and average length, shoot number and average length were evaluated. For Chardonnay, the means of survival and rooting varied between 93 and 100% in all treatments. In relation to SO4, the IBA concentration of 1500 mg L-1 negatively affected the minicuttings survival and rooting. It is possible to propagate Chardonnay grapevine and SO4 grapevine rootstock through herbaceous minicutting, with no need of apply IBA for the rooting.