A propagação vegetativa comercial de mudas de pessegueiro por estaquia no Brasil tem sido limitada por alguns fatores, como a falta de técnicas apropriadas de manejo do ambiente de propagação, além da dificuldade no manejo da nutrição e da sobrevivência das estacas pós-enraizamento. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o crescimento e sobrevivência de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro clonados através da miniestaquia, em sistema de cultivo sem solo, obtidos em duas épocas. Conduziu-se o trabalho em casa de vegetação e estufa agrícola localizadas no Campo Didático e Experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel/RS), no período de março - dezembro/2010 e novembro/2010 - maio/ 2011. O material vegetal utilizado para o enraizamento de miniestacas de pessegueiro foi obtido de ramos herbáceos de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro das cultivares Okinawa e Flordaguard. Miniestacas do porta-enxerto 'Flordaguard' obtidas no outono apresentaram maior porcentagem de sobrevivência quando transplantadas em sistema de cultivo sem solo. Miniestacas de porta-enxertos da cultivar Okinawa, obtidos no outono e na primavera, apresentam precocemente diâmetro adequado para a realização da enxertia. Os teores foliares de macronutrientes e micronutrientes seguiram uma ordem decrescente do pessegueiro, sendo N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S e Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu.

Dentre os métodos de multiplicação, o mirtilo pode ser propagado por sementes, rebentos, micropropagação e estaquia. Comercialmente, a propagação por meio de estaca é o método mais utilizado, proporcionando resultados diversos de acordo com a cultivar. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de mirtilo das cultivares Delite e Bluebelle, coletadas em dezembro/2005. O material utilizado, oriundo de plantas irrigadas, foi segmento de ramos principais, com quatro gemas e diâmetro médio de 6 mm, contendo duas folhas na extremidade superior, cortadas pela metade. Após o preparo, as estacas foram tratadas com AIB, nas concentrações de 0; 1.000; 2.000 e 4.000 mg. L-1, sendo colocadas para enraizar em areia de granulometria grossa lavada, sob irrigação intermitente por microaspersão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela. Para a cultivar Bluebelle, o uso de AIB na concentração de 1.000 mg.L-1 propiciou, aos 120 dias após a instalação do experimento, maior número e comprimento de raízes, número e comprimento de brotações e enraizamento de 37,5%. A cultivar Delite apresentou maior facilidade de emissão de raízes e brotações, independentemente do uso de AIB, com percentual de estacas enraizadas superior a 82,5%.

plant production of peach tree GraftinG via active and dormant Bud in GrowinG sYstem without soil aBstract -One of the deficiencies observed in peach production in Brazil is undoubtedly the need for new technologies in the production of seedlings. The quality of plants and the time for its formation is the base of the success of the orchard and fruit farm. The production of peach seedlings by cuttings has been used commercially in some countries, with the main advantages the ease of implementation, low cost and speed of plants production. For the foregoing objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of the grafted cultivar Maciel yolk through active and dormant bud on rootstocks and clones developed in soilless system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse conditions and a greenhouse located in the Didactic and Experimental Field, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel of Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel / RS), from March 2010 to May 2011 and November 2010 to November 2011. The plant material were cuttings of peach cultivars Okinawa and Flordaguard after transplanted into the semihydroponic system, with appropriate diameter bubbles were grafted active and dormant bud from cultivar Maciel according to season. In the rootstocks 'Okinawa' and 'Flordaguard' behavior was similar in relation to the fixation index when grafted blisters of 'Maciel' active bud, whereas with the dormant bud index of fixation was lower in the rootstock 'Okinawa'. The seedlings from the grafting of active bud reached the length for commercially ready seedlings faster. The seedlings from the grafting of dormant bud had higher number of lateral shoots.

ResumoA utilização de porta-enxertos decorrente da propagação sexuada é um dos principais problemas que a cultura do pessegueiro apresenta no Brasil, refletindo na falta de homogeneidade das plantas, o que compromete a produtividade dos pomares. A propagação clonal é uma alternativa promissora para a produção de mudas homogêneas, com baixo custo e rapidez, além de manutenção das características agronômicas importantes. Neste sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da propagação dos porta-enxertos de pessegueiro Nemared, Flordaguard e Okinawa por meio da miniestaquia herbácea, testando-se diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000mg.L -1 ). As miniestacas foram imersas na solução por cinco segundos e a seguir colocadas em embalagens plásticas transparentes, contendo vermiculita de granulação média. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro repetições de 20 miniestacas, em casa de vegetação. Em 45 dias, observou-se que a cv. Nemared obteve (76%) de enraizamento com 1.000mg.L -1 de AIB, não diferindo da cv. Flordaguard (66%). A dose de AIB estimada para o máximo de enraizamento foi 1.590 mg. L -1 . Palavras-chave: Estaquia, propagação, Prunus Persica AbstractThe use of rootstocks resulting from sexual propagation is a major problem that peach crop has in Brazil, reflecting the lack of plant homogeneity, which compromises the productivity of orchards. The clonal propagation is a promising alternative for the production of homogeneous seedlings with low cost and speed, as well as the maintenance of important agronomic characteristics. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the feasibility of propagation of rootstocks of Nemared, Flordaguard and Okinawa peach cultivars through herbaceous minicuttings, testing different concentrations of IBA (0; 1,000; 2,000; and 3,000mg.L -1 ). The minicuttings were immersed in the solution for five seconds and, then, placed in clear plastic containers containing medium grained vermiculite. The experiment was conducted with four replications of 20 minicuttings in the greenhouse. In 45 days, it was observed that Nemared obtained 76% of rooting with 1,000 mg.L -1 of IBA, not differing from Flordaguard with 66%. The estimated dose of IBA for maximum rooting was 1,590 mg.L -1 .

The mini-cuttings productivity in clonal mini-garden using the semi-hydroponic system is a promising technique for the olive propagation, to obtaining a satisfactory amount of cuttings and with good quality. The objective was to evaluate the mini-stumps productivity and rooting of olive mini-cuttings in successive collections at different times of year in a clonal mini-garden in a semi-hydroponic system. In each collection the productivity of the clonal mini-garden was evaluated counting the collected cuttings. The mini-cuttings were prepared with 3-5 cm long with leaf area reduced by 50% and placed in plastic boxes with vermiculite for a period of 80 days. The evaluated variables were: mini-stumps productivity, mini-stumps and mini-cuttings percentage of survival, rooting percentage and number and length of mini-cuttings root. The olive mini-cuttings presented higher productivity during the spring of 2014. The mini-cuttings rooting percentage collected during the evaluated periods demonstrated that mini-cutting is a viable technique for olive propagation when grown in clonal mini-garden using a semi-hydroponic system.

The raspberry tree, a species from the Rosaceae family and the Rubus genus, is included in the group of small fruit that has been drawing the attention of the global consuming market for carrying antioxidant properties and substances capable of fighting free radicals, bringing health benefits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of collection periods on the in vitro establishment of raspberry trees (Rubus idaeus L.). Explants were collected in different seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer and autumn), and were inoculated in a MS culture medium. The experimental design was totally randomized, and arranged in a factorial scheme. At 28 days, the following variables were evaluated: oxidation, fungal and bacterial contamination survival and establishment. There was less phenolic oxidation in raspberry tree explants collected in winter. Explants contamination by endogenic bacteria occurred in higher percentages in winter. Although summer was the season of the year with higher percentage of explants’ phenolic oxidation for both cultivars, the highest in vitro establishment percentages for the Heritage cultivar occurred in summer and fall. However, for the Fallgold cultivar, spring and winter were the seasons with greater in vitroestablishment.

The objectives were: a) to evaluate the initial development of olive ministumps in semi-hydroponic and conventional systems; b) evaluate the productivity ministumps in successive collections and the rooting of minicuttings of olive tree collected at different times of the year clonal mini garden cultivated in semi-hydroponic and conventional systems. The cultivation systems used were the semi-hydroponics and conventional, to which was evaluated for 90 days of cultivation the initial growth of ministumps. After that began the collection of plant material in cropping systems. The variables analyzed were: the initial growth of ministumps, productivity, the percentage of survival and rooting, the number and length of roots and also found the survival of rooted minicuttings of cropping systems. The cultivation of olive ministumps in semi-hydroponic system is more efficient in minicuttings productivity than the conventional system. The minicuttings collected in separate semi-hydroponic system collecting time showed the best results for the variables analyzed in relation to the conventional system of cultivation.

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