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What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Epidemiological and resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections show large inter-regional variability, and rates of bacterial resistance are continually changing due to different regional antibiotic treatment regime. In Ireland and the UK, trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin is usually recommended for empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in the community whilst parenteral cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones and co-amoxyclav are reserved for complicated UTIs.

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This analysis of cryptorchid testes in postpubertal male subjects confirms that the majority cannot contribute to fertility, have significant malignant potential and may undergo torsion. Therefore, orchiectomy remains the treatment of choice for the majority of postpubertal male subjects presenting with unilateral cryptorchidism.