Introduction Games are recognized tools that can be used for teaching, awareness-building and behavioral change. In the world of competitive sports, it is necessary to both educate athletes and make them aware that doping is an unsportsmanlike practice, particularly because this conduct can be life-threatening. A game called “Heart at Risk” was developed in this context for the purpose of teaching athletes which substances are characterized as doping by the World Antidoping Agency, and to raise their awareness of health hazards through entertainment. Objective Present and empirically evaluate the efficacy of the game as a tool for educating athletes on substances characterized as doping. Methods The sample group was formed by 20 players in the under-20 category of Clube do Remo (Rowing Club), aged over 18 years. The athletes underwent a pre-test, played the Heart at Risk game, and took a post-test at the end. Both tests were related to healthy sport practices (positive factors) and to doping substances (negative factors). Results Regarding the knowledge of positive factors, there was an increase of knowledge in relation to low doses of caffeine (∆ = 40%; p-value= 0.0125) and doping assessment (∆ = 55%; p-value = 0.0017). Regarding negative factors, there was an increase of knowledge in relation to diuretics (∆ = 25%; p-value = 0.0455), contaminated thermogenic (∆ = 35%; p-value = 0.0191), growth hormone-GH (∆ = 50%; p-value = 0.0025), contaminated supplements (∆ = 65%; p-value = 0.0007), and testosterone (∆ = 55%; p-value = 0.0017). Conclusion The Heart at Risk game proved to be an effective resource in the process of learning about prohibited substances and positive factors for sports performance. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.
IVPerconditioning associated to hypertonic saline solution on liver function improvement after ischemia/reperfusion injury 1
6-Experimental Surgery
949Perconditioning associated to hypertonic saline solution on liver function improvement after ischemia/reperfusion injury Ribeiro Júnior RFG et al. Acta Cir Bras. 2017;32(11):949-955
Purpose
To clarify the best protocol for performing remote ischemic conditioning and
to minimize the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome in brain,
the present study aimed to evaluate different time protocols and the
relation of the organs and the antioxidant effects of this technique.
Methods
The rat’s left femoral artery was clamped with a microvascular clamp in times
that ranged from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the corresponding group. After
the cycles of remote ischemic conditioning and a reperfusion of 20 minutes,
the brain and the left gastrocnemius were collected. The samples were used
to measure glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase
levels.
Results
In the gastrocnemius, the 4-minute protocol increased the catalase
concentration compared to the 1-minute protocol, but the latter increased
both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to the
former. On the other hand, the brain demonstrated higher catalase and
glutathione peroxidase in 5-minute group, and the 3-minute group reached
higher values of glutathione reductase.
Conclusions
Remote ischemic conditioning increases brain antioxidant capacity in a
time-dependent way, while muscle presents higher protection on 1-minute
cycles and tends to decrease its defence with longer cycles of intermittent
occlusions of the femoral artery.
Objective: To evaluate new techniques and improvements in surgical instruments related to intestinal anastomosis procedures.
Methods: A search was conducted on the free database of patents from the National Institute of Industrial Patent Office (INPI) and The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Were analyzed all occurrences between 2012 and 2016 related to experimental surgery and intestinal anastomosis. The requests for patents were examined individually and the data collected was the nationality of the applicant, if was physical (PP) or legal (LP) person and if was innovation or invention. At the end, a comparative analysis between the two institutions was performed.
Results: In INPI was found only 5 occurrences. All of them were deposited by legal entity and were inventions. In addition, only one was a national request. In USPTO database, 65 occurrences met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 48 were national applications and only 5 were filed by physical person.
Conclusion: More requests were found in US database, predominating national trustee and greater solicitation to inventions than Brazilian database. The main applications for patents are invention of surgical instruments, the development of new biological glues and improvement of mechanical sutures.
Keywords: patents, gastroenterology, surgical anastomosis.
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