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Level III.

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Objective: To assess intra- and interobserver reproducibility of Sanders Classification System of calcaneal fractures among experienced and less experienced observers. Methods: Forty-six CT scans of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were reviewed. Four observers, two with ten years of experience in foot and ankle surgery and two third-year residents in Orthopedics and Traumatology classified the fractures on two separate occasions three weeks apart from each other. The intra and inter-observer reliability was analyzed using the Kappa index. Results: There was good intraobserver reliability for the two experienced observers and one less experienced observer (Kappa values 0.640, 0.632 and 0.629, respectively). The interobserver reliability was fair between the experienced observers (Kappa = 0.289) and moderate among the less experienced observers (Kappa = 0.527). Conclusions: The Sanders Classification System showed good intraobserver reliability, but interobserver reproducibility below the ideal level, both among experienced and less experienced observers. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic Studies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the percutaneous arthrodesis technique with single medial portal of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and to evaluate the results of a series of nine cases (10 feet) with a diagnosis of hallux rigidus subjected to this technique, comparing the results with literature data regarding the conventional technique. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study performed by analysis of medical records and radiographs of nine patients undergoing percutaneous arthrodesis of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint. Gender, age, consolidation time, level of postoperative pain and degree of patient satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Eight patients were female, and one patient was male. The mean age was 68.7 years, the mean consolidation time was 8 weeks, the consolidation ratio was 70%, there was pain improvement in the postoperative period, and all patients considered themselves satisfied with the surgery. Conclusion: Percutaneous arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal hallux joint potentially yields results similar to those of the conventional method demonstrated in the literature but uses smaller incisions.Level of Evidence IV, Therapeutic Studies, Case Series.

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An inherited tendency to hypercoagulability has been suggested as a cause of vascular thrombosis resulting in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Here we carried out an investigation of the most common inherited risk factors for hypercoagulability including the mutation in the factor V gene (factor V Leiden), the transition 20.210G-->A in the prothrombin gene, and also the homozygosity for the 677C-->T transition in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR). The investigation was carried out among 61 Brazilian children with LCPD, who were compared with 296 individuals from the general population. The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation was higher in LCPD patients than in the controls (4.9 vs. 0.7%; p = 0.03). However, no patient had the prothrombin gene variant, and no difference was found between patients and controls when homozygosity for MTHFR-T (3.2 vs. 2.6%: p = 0.64) was determined. These data suggest that in our population, the heterozygosity for factor V Leiden was the only inherited risk factor associated with the development of LCPD.